A COURSE IN 

MECHANICAL DRAWING 



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Copyright }J1 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSrr. 



A COURSE IN 

MECHANICAL DRAWING 

FOR SCHOOL USE AND FOR SELF-INSTRUCTION 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE ART OF MAKING 
WORKING DRAWINGS, LETTERING AND DIMENSIONING 

BY 

LOUIS ROUILLION, B.S., A.M. 

Director Mechanics Institute, New York City; Author of "Drafting of Cams,'; 
"Economics of Manual Training," etc., etc. 




FIFTEENTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED 



NEW YORK 

THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING CO. 

2 WEST 45th STREET 

1921 



COPYRIGHTED, 1921 
THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING CO. 

COPYRIGHTED, 1896 
THE PRANG COMPANY 



Printed in the U. S. A. 

g)CI.A627583 

NOV -5 1921 



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PREFACE 



This course in Mechanical Drawing is 
the result of a number of years' work 
with evening classes, and has been evolved 
from a careful study of the needs of such 
classes. The course was originally issued 
in blue-print form, with accompanying 
typewritten notes. In this form it has 
been in use at Pratt Institute and other 
schools, and in Y. M. C. A. classes, for 
some years. In a modified form it has 
appeared serially in "Machinery." 

The course covers a period of two school 
years of about twenty-four weeks each. 
Either two or three evenings a week may 
be devoted to the work. In the former 
case it may be found necessary to abridge 

November, 192 1 



the number of simple working drawings. 
The first twenty-four sheets constitute 
the work of the first year, and sheets 
XXV-XXIX that of the second year. 

Because of the interest in Isometric 
Drawing evinced by pupils, this subject 
has been added to the present edition. 
Isometric Drawings — Sheets XXX- 
XXXII may advantageously follow Sheet 
XIII in the first-year course. 

The exercises given at the end of the 
book, form a parallel independent course 
permitting the use of the book as a text- 
book in class work. 

All drawings shown in this book are 
the work of students. 

Louis Rouillion. 



CONTENTS 



General Instructions. 

Required Materials, I 

Use of Materials, . • ^ . . 2 

Drawing Board — Paper — T-Square — Triangles 
— Compasses — Drawing Pen — Pencils — 
Scroll — Scale — Ink. 

Lettering, 7 

Models 8 

REGULAR COURSE. 

Sheet I. Cubes, 12 

Sheet II. Triangular and Hexagonal Prisms, . 14 

Sheet III. Projection of a Square Pyramid, . 16 

Sheet IV. Projection of a Cross i8 

Sheet V. Hollow Cylinders, 20 

Sheet VI. Mortise and Tenon Joint, ... 22 



PAOB 

Sheet VII. Door Joint, 24 

Sheet VIIJ Development of a Cube, ... 26 
Sheet IX. Development of a Square Pyramid, . 28 
Sheet X. Development of a Truncated Hexa- 
gonal Prism, 30 

Sheet XL Development of a Cylinder, . . 32 

Sheet XII. Development of a Cone, ... 34 

Sheet XIII. Development of a Four-Piece Elbow. 36 

Screw Threads, 38 

Sheet XIV. Screw Threads, 40 

Sheet XV. Springs, 42 

Sheet XVI. Bolts and Nuts, 44 

Sheet XVII. Wrench, 46 

Sheet XVHI. Seven-inch Pulley, 48 

Sheet XIX. Cone Pulley 50 

Sheet XX. Flange Coupling, 52 



CONTENTS — Continued. 



PAGE 

Sheet XXI. Pillow Block, 54 

Sheet XXII. Clamp, 56 

Sheet XXIII. Monkey Wrench, .... 58 

Sheet XXIV. Globe Valve, 60 

Notes on Working Drawings, 63 

I. Size of Sheets — 2. Title, Index, etc. — 
3. Sketches — 4. Laying-out Work — 5. Re- 
lation of Views — 6. Sectioning — 7. Inking 
— 8. Dimensioning — 9. Tracings — 10. Gen- 
eral Notes. 
Blueprinting, 67 







PAGE 


Sheet XXV. 


Assembly Drawing of a Bench Lathe 70 


Sheet XXVI. 


Details of Head-Stock, . 


71 


Sheet XXVII. 


Details of Tool-Rest, 


74 


Sheet XXVIII 


Details of Tail-Stock, 


76 


Sheet XXIX. 


Details of Bed, .... 


78 


Sheet XXX. 


Isometric Drawing . 


80 


Sheet XXXI. 


Isometric Drawing of Face Plate 


82 


Sheet XXXII. 


Use of Isometric Paper, . 
PARALLEL COURSE 


84 


Exercises I-XXIX, 


89 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 



REQUIRED MATERIALS. 

In order that acceptable work may be 
accomplished, fairly good instruments should 
be provided. The cheap brass sets that are 
sometimes offered by dealers for use in 
schools are worse than useless. The advice 



of some one experienced in draughting in- 
struments should be sought before pur- 
chasing. The following list of materials 
reauired for this course gives approximate 
prices that may be considered as inexpensive 
as it is advisable to obtain. 



LIST OF MATERIALS. 



Drawing board, about i6 x 23 inches . 
Compasses, 5I inches, with needle point, 

pen, pencil and lengthening bar 
Drawing pen, 4^ inches . 
T-square, 24-inch blade . 
45° triangle, 9 inches 
30°-6o° triangle, ii inches 
Celluloid scroll 



5I.OO 

2.00 
.70 
•45 
•45 
.40 

.50 



Pencil . . . . . ... $ .05 

12-inch boxwood scale, flat, graduated 

to YS inch the entire length . . .40 
Bottle of liquid India ink . . . .25 

Tacks 05 

Pencil and ink eraser 05 



Drawing paper. 



..30 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



USE OF MATERIALS. 

Drawing Board. A light board having 
a smooth surface and the left-hand edge 
trued perfectly straight will serve as a draw- 
ing board. It should be somewhat larger 
than the largest sheet of paper that is to be 
used upon it. The left-hand edge serves as 
a guide for the head of the T-square. The 
left and right-hand edges should be com- 
posed of narrow strips, the grain of which 
runs across that of the board. 

Paper. The drawing paper should have a 
surface that will permit of considerable 
erasing without becoming roughened. When 
working by artificial light it is desirable that 
the paper be of a light-brown color which is 
less trying to the eyes than a pure white. 
Paper may be purchased in sheets 22 x 30 
inches, that make four exercise sheets, each 
measuring 11x15 inches. 

The sheet is tacked upon the board as 
shown in the Diagram opposite (Fig. i), 



being placed well over towards the left-hand 
side of the board, thus permitting greater 
firmness in the use of T-square and triangles. 

Thumb tacks may be used for securing 
the paper to the board, or one-ounce tacks, 
which should be driven well into the board. 
These latter have the advantage of offering 
less obstruction to the use of the T-square. 
When large sheets are used and the drawing 
requires considerable time, the paper may 
be stretched upon the board. 

The paper is stretched by turning up about 
an inch of the paper all around the edge and 
thoroughly wetting the trough thus formed. 
The edge is turned up to keep it dry, so that 
it may be used for glueing. See that the 
edge is firmly glued to the board. When 
the paper is dry it will be found to be 
smoothly stretched. When the drawing is 
completed, the sheet may be cut out with 
a sharp knife. The T-square or triangle 
should not be used as straight-edges for 
trimming sheets. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 



DRAWING-BOARD, T-SQUARE AND TRIANGLES. 



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FIG. 1. 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



T-Square. The head of the T-square is 
always kept against the left-hand edge of the 
board and its upper edge is used in drawing 
all horizontal lines and for resting the tri- 
angles upon. 

Triangles. The triangles are used in 
drawing all straight lines other than horizon- 
tal ones. They are rested upon the upper 
edge of the T-square, and thus afford means 
of drawing vertical lines and lines at 30", 45° 
and 60°. By placing one triangle upon the 
other, angles of 15° and 75° may be obtained. 
A perpendicular may be drawn to any line 
situated at an angle other than those men- 
tioned, by placing either triangle upon the 
other so that its hypotenuse coincides with 
the line, and then revolving it through an 
angle of 90°. 

Compasses. The compasses are supplied 
with needle-points, pen and pencil, and are 
used for drawing circles and arcs of circles. 
By placing needle-points in each of the legs, 



the compasses may be used as dividers in 
stepping off distances. Supposing it is 
required to divide a given line into seven 
equal parts. The compasses are opened to 
an approximation to one of the parts and 
seven of these parts are stepped off lightly, 
without puncturing the paper. The error is 
noted and the compasses res_et to a closer 
approximation, and the process continued 
until the required division is obtained. The 
paper is then lightly punctu.red at each step. 
The line may be either straight or curved. 
Determining a point by a needle prick has 
the advantage over a pencil-point in that it 
is not lost by erasure, and is more accurately 
determined. The position of the point is 
emphasized by drawing a small circle in 
pencil about it. 

For penciling circles or arcs of circles, the 
pencil is placed in one leg of the compasses 
and the needle-point in the other. The legs 
should be bent at the joints until the lower 
extremities are parallel, or nearly so. The 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 



compasses are held at the joint, rotated 
clockwise, and inclined slightly in the direc- 
tion of the line. A slight pressure is exerted. 
In inking, the pen is substituted for the 
pencil, and the weight of the compasses is 
sufficient to cause the ink to flow. 

Drawing Pen. The pen is filled by drop- 
ping the ink between the nibs while held in 
a nearly vertical position. 

In inking, the pen is held between the 
thumb and forefinger. Care should be taken 
that the nibs are not pressed together while 
the pen is thus held, as a lin-e of varying 
thickness would result. 

The flat side of the point is laid against the 
edge of the T-square or triangle and the pen 
held within the plane of that edge. The 
taper to the point is sufficient to throw it far 
enough from the edge to prevent blotting. 
The handle should be tilted about 35° to 
the right of perpendicular. Draw from left to 
right and from the bottom to the top. The 



breadth of a line may be controlled by the 
adjusting screw. 

If the pen is not in use, even for a short 
time, the ink should be taken out, as it 
evaporates quickly and clogs the pen. For 
this purpose, pass the corner of a piece of 
chamois skin between the nibs of the pen. 
Keep the nibs of the pen at all times bright 
and clean. 

Pencils. A soft pencil, sharpened to a 
round point, should be provided for putting 
in letters, figures, arrow-heads and other 
free-hand work, and for making sketches. 
A hard pencil, sharpened to a flat chisel-like 
edge, should be used for drawing all lines 
with the aid of the instruments. The pencil 
should be used lightly, so as not to indent the 
paper. A small flat file, or a piece of fine 
sand-paper should be at hand, over which the 
pencil may be occasionally rubbed. For 
erasing pencil marks, a soft rubber should be 
provided, and a hard or sand rubber for 
erasing ink. 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



Scroll. The scroll is used in obtaining 
curves other than arcs of circles. If a curve is 
to be passed through a number of predeter- 
mined points, it should first be sketched in 
lightly free-hand. A section of the scroll is 
then applied to the curve so as to embrace 
as many points as possible. Only the cen- 
tral points of those thus embraced should be 
inked in. This process is continued until 
the desired curve is completed. 

Scale. When practicable, objects should 
be drawn full size. When an object is too 
large to permit of this, it may be drawn to 
the largest convenient scale. With the 
measuring scale recommended for this course 
drawings may be made to half or quarter scale. 
By half-scale is meant that each half-inch upon 
the drawing represents afull inch upon the ob- 
ject. A special scale may be made as follows : 
Supposing it is desired to make a drawing to 
five-eighths scale ; that is, that each inch upon 
the object will be represented by five-eighths 



of an inch upon the drawing fake a slip of 
paper and measure off upon its edge five- 
eighths of a foot. Divide this distance into 
twelve equal parts, and each of these divis- 
ions into halves, quarters and eighths. In 
using such a scale treat it as though it were 
a full scale ; e. g., if the object being drawn 
measures ii^ inches, read \\\ inches from 
the reduced scale, make the drawing accord- 
ingly, and dimension as 1 1^ inches. 

Ink. The liquid India ink that comes in 
bottles is generally used for school work, and 
answers all requirements. Some draughts- 
men prefer the stick ink, which gives some- 
what better results, but requires preparation. 
Black ink alone should be used, except on 
tracings where lines that may be printed 
lightly, as dimension and construction lines, 
may be in red ink. Do not place too much 
ink between the nibs of the pen. A column 
of from one-quarter to three-eighths of an 
inch high is all that should be used at a time. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. 



LETTERINQ. 

It is desirable to confine the lettering ot 
drawings to one or two standard alphabets 
that are plain and distinct, and the principles 
of which are easily acquired. These con- 
ditions are fulfilled in the Gothic fonts 
shown in Fig. 2. To analyze each letter 
and study its correct proportions and relations 
to other letters under varying combinations, 
would consume more time than can be alloted 
in this course. Therefore, a simple expedient 
may be resorted to, by which all the capitals, 
with the exception of I, J, M, and W, may be 
considered as having the same breadth. This 
breadth should be about five-sixths of the 
height. The inclination of the slant let- 
ters is about 20 degrees to the right of 
perpendicular. The upper parts of letters 
are made slightly smaller than the lower 
parts. The basis of the curved lower-case 
letters of the vertical font is a circle. 
Other characteristics may be noted by a 
careful inspection of the examples given. 



All lettering should be free-hand. Keep 
the pencil sharpened to a fine, round point. 
If the lettering is to be done in ink, a com- 
mon writing-pen may be employed, or the 
drawing pen may be used as an ordinary pen. 

The titles for the sheets given on the 
following pages are composed of -fV-inch 
letters. The O of the lower-case has a 
diameter of \ inch. 

In putting the title upon a sheet, first draw 
two lines ^^ inches apart along the edge of a 
slip of paper and sketch in the title, to 
ascertain the amount of room it will occupy. 
Then draw lightly upon the sheet, | inches 
below the top marginal line, two horizontal 
lines y3^ inches apart, and the central vertical 
line of the sheet. Fold the slip of paper so 
that the end letters of the title will coincide. 

The fold will then be the centre point of 
the title. Lay the slip directly below the 
lines drawn on the sheet, so that the centre 
point of the sketched title will coincide with 
the centre line of the sheet. The location of 



8 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



the title is thus quickly determined and may 
now be carefully drawn, using the sketch as 
a guide. 

The dimension-figures should be a scant 
eighth-inch in height. The division line of 
fractions should be parallel to the direction 
of the dimension line. 

MODELS. 

Geometric models are chosen as the sub- 
jects for the earlier exercises, as they are so 
simple in form. Moreover as types of all 



forms, they present the underlying forms in 
mechanical construction, however complex 
that construction may be. They serve, then, 
not only as simple models for elementary 
practice, but also as giving the form basis 
for the most advanced work. The geometric 
models presented are — cube, equilateral trian- 
gular prism, hexagonal prism, square pyramid, 
cone, hollow cylinder, truncated hexagonal 
prism, and cross. It will be well for students 
to study the models and objects in making 
the drawings. 



Freehand Lettering. 
ABCDEFGHIJ KLM NO PQRSTUVWXYZ 

12334567890 && 
abcdefg hijkl m n o pqrstuvwxyz 
A BCD E F G H I J K L M N P QRSTU VWXYZ 

1253456789 && 
a b c d e e f g h ijklmnopqrsfu v w x y z 

Use this style for Headings^ etc. 
Use this style for Notes and Dimensions. 

FIG. 2 



Construction of Freehand Letfering. 

j^// ^A>^ j^;, t^'''QK^''^l0'0FW'lr 'f "i % V m vj? n^h't^/rs^ t ''lp V' '4k V V '^' 

? -'J -^ ^\^ _• y^^ !3 ' I ^1 '-'J I ^ 3-r 



Note •■ Arrows indicafe direction of pen sfrol<es. 
Numbers s/iow the order in ivhich strokes are to be made. 



REGULAR COURSE 



REGULAR COURSE EXERCISES. 



SHEET I. 

Cubes — Top and Front Views. 



This sheet gives the top and front views of a cube 
in three positions — facing, turned at 45°, turned 
at 60° and 30°. At the left of the sheet the top 
and front views of the cube facing are shown. Draw 
a 2-inch square as shown in the upper left-hand corner, 
using the upper edge of the T-square for the top and 
bottom lines and a triangle resting upon the T-square 
for the sides. This is the top view of the cube 
facing. Continue the vertical lines below the lower 
horizontal line, the top view thus obtaining the 
side lines of the front view, and draw the top and 
bottom lines two inches apart. The two views 
required are now completed. After the drawing is 
finished the dimensions should be put on. As a cube 
has length, breadth and depth, three measurements 
should be given. The length and breadth are here 
shown on the front view and the depth on the top view. 

In the centre of the sheet two views of the cube 
turned at an angle of 45° are shown. The top view 



must first be drawn and is obtained with the 45° 
triangle. From the corners lines are dropped as in 
the first case and the top and bottom lines are drawn, 
completing the front view. 

At the right of the sheet, two views of the cube 
turned at 60° and 30° are shown. The top view is 
turned so as to form angles of 60° and 30° with the 
horizonta.. The 60° and 30° triangle is used in 
drawing this view. The front view is obtained as in 
the previous cases. It will be seen that whereas in 
the second case the front and back edges of the cube 
coincide in the front view, in this case the back edge 
falls to the right of the front edge and is hidden. 
This is shown by putting in the back edge with a 
broken line, called a " hidden line." The lines here 
used in showing the relation of the top and front 
views are called " construction lines," made up of 
dashes a scant | inch in length. Directions for 
drawing hidden lines are given on page 66 



SHEET I 









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14 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET II. 



I'riangular and Hexagonal Prisms. 



Prisms are solids having their ends parallel, and 
the edges formed by their sides parallel, and are 
known as triangular, hexagonal, etc., from the form 
of their bases. Before making the drawings, consider 
how to place them well upon the sheet. 

Two views of the equilateral triangular prism are 
given. First draw the equilateral triangle for the top 
view, using the 60° triangle for the sides, and com- 
plete the two views to the dimensions given. 

In the case of the hexagonal prism, three views are 
shown : the top, front and left-hand views. To obtain 
these, first draw a hexagon with i^ inch sides for the 



top view. This is done by drawing the lower line and 
cutting off the desired length. Then with the 60° 
triangle draw the lower side lines and cut off \\ 
inches. The upper side lines are also drawn with 
the same triangle and the hexagon is completed by 
adding the top line. The front view is obtained 
as in the case of the triangular prism. The height 
in the side view is the same as in the front view, and 
distances from side to side are obtained directly from 
distances from top to bottom in the top view. This 
relation of the top and side views is shown in the 
drawing by the construction lines. 



SHEET II 




i6 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET III. 



Projection of Square Pyramid. 



This sheet shows the relation of the various views 
of an object and the proper method of projecting one 
view from another. 

First draw the base line of the pyramid in the front 
view at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal and 
cut off the required length of two inches. At the 
centre of this base line erect a perpendicular to it to 
serve as a centre line. This is drawn with the 60- 
degree triangle. Mark off on this centre line a 
distance of four inches from the base line. Join this 
point with the extremities of the base line, complet- 
ing the front view. At a suitable distance, say two 
inches, above this view, draw a horizontal line as the 
centre line of the top view, and one inch on either 
side draw lines parallel to it. Complete the fore- 
shortened view of the base by drawing vertical lines 
upward from the extremities of the base line of the 
front view. The apex of the pyramid is on the centre 
line. The point is determined by drawing a vertical 
line from the apex in the front view, and is where this 
line intersects the centre line. Complete the top 
view by joining the apex to the corners of the base. 



To obtain the left-hand view, first draw the vertical 
centre line at a convenient distance to the left of the 
front view. This centre line corresponds with the 
centre line shown in the top view, therefore all dis- 
tances above the centre line in the top view are equal 
to distances to the left of the centre line in the left- 
hand view, and distances below the centre line in the 
top view are equal to distances to the right of the 
centre line in the left-hand view. As in Sheet II these 
relations are shown by construction lines. For the 
base line, therefore, measure off one inch either side 
of the centre line, and erect perpendiculars for the 
sides of the base. Cut off the required length by 
projecting a horizontal line from the tilted-up corner 
of the base in the front view, and complete the view 
as in the case of the top view. The right-hand view 
is obtained in a similar manner. 

In inking, show all edges that are actually seen, by 
full, strong lines. Where an edge is hidden by a face 
in front of it, show it by "hidden lines." Centre 
lines are drawn lightly, and are made up of dashes 
alternately one-half and one-eighth inches Ion"' 



SHEET III 







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f^FfOJECT/ON or SQUARE RYRAM/D 

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COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET IV. 



Projection of Cross. 



This sheet emphasizes the method of projecting 
one view from another, and shows how any one view 
may be obtained directly from two other views by 
this means, and also how a view is rotated so as to 
show three sides. 

Draw the top and front views of a cross to the 
dimensions given as shown at the left of the sheet. 

For the central group, tip the front view 30° to the 
right, and obtain the top view by projecting similar 
points from this view and the top view of the left- 
hand group. Care should be used in getting the 
hidden lines correctly. 

In the left-hand group the cross is shown standing 
erect on its base and squarely facing the observer. In 



the central group it is shown still facing the observer, 
but tilted to the right. In the right-hand group it is 
desired to show the cross turned 30° away from the 
observer, while still tilted as before. The turning of 
an object about a perpendicular axis may be shown 
by turning the top view in the desired direction and 
through the desired angle. 

Therefore, as we want to show the cross turned 
away at an angle of 30°, we rotate the top view 
through the required angle. The final view is obtained 
from this rotated top view and the front view of the 
central group. One face A B C D is shown pro- 
jected. Similar letters refer to similar angles in the 
various views. 



SHEET IV 




20 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET V. 



Hollow Cylinders. 



This sheet introduces the use of the compasses. 
In one leg of the compasses insert the needle-point, 
and in the other leg insert the pencil, carefully 
sharpened. 

Locate the centre lines and draw the two con- 
centric circles to represent the top view of the cylinder 
at the left. Then draw the front view by projecting 
the side lines from the top view. 

The view shown immediately to the right of these 
two views is known as a "sectioned" view. Imag- 
ine the cylinder cut in halves from top to bottom. 
The back half would present the appearance shown 
in the sectioned view, the "cross-hatching" or 
" sectioning " representing the cut surface. The 
sectioning is done by drawing a series of parallel 
lines about -^^ inches apart. Lay the 45° triangle on 
the upper edge of the T-square and draw the topmost 
line of the sectioning. Then slide the triangle along 
the T-square for each successive line. As far as 
possible, draw both sides with one placing of the 



triangle. The sectioning should be inked in without 
previous penciUng and the lines should be finer than 
the lines of the cylinder. Various devices are in use 
for mechanically equalizing the distances in section- 
lining, but the trained eye is the most practical 
method. When two abutting pieces are sectioned, 
the section-lining on one piece slants in an opposite 
direction to that on the other. 

The right-hand drawing is that of a hollow cylinder 
with a flange about the top and bottom. In practice,; 
when an object to be sectioned is the same on both 
sides of its centre line, only one side is sectioned 
while the other side is drawn in full. This method is 
here shown. In the front view, the part to the left 
is drawn in full and that to the right is drawn in 
section. The top view is drawn in full, as though 
the front view were not sectioned. 

Construction lines are omitted in inking, therefore, 
upon this and succeedingsheets the construction lines 
are not shown. 



SHEET V 




22 



COURSE IM MECHANICAL DRAINING. 



SHEET VI. 

Mortise and Tenon Joint. 



An application of some of tiie foregoing principles 
is here made in a simple working drawing of a 
mortise and tenon joint. A mortise |xi| inches is 



cut in the centre of the end piece, into which a tenoo 
cut upon the other piece, closely fits. This is clearlj 
shown by the drawing. 



SHEET VI 




24 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET VII. 

Door Joint. 



A working drawing of a slightly more complicated 
joint is here shown. The front and side views are 
sufficient to make the joint from, but the top view is 
added to make the method of constructing the joint 
somewhat clearer. This joint is an end mortise and 
tenon joint and has a rabbet cut on the inside faces. 



The rabbet is shown by the section at the lower part 
of the drawing. The section illustrates a method 
commonly used for showing transverse construction. 
The material is supposed to be cut through at right 
angles to the face and the cut surface turned up until 
it lies in the plane of the /ac-e. 



SHEET VII 




26 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET VIII. 



Development of Cube. 



By the development of the surface of an object is 
meant the laying out of the pattern which, when 
properly folded, will exactly represent the surface of 
the object. 

A simple and easily conceived development is that 
of a cube. It is necessary to know the dimensions of 
the faces and the number of faces, six. For example, 
let each face be i\ inches square. Draw a square 
to these dimensions and let it represent the front 
face. Immediately above and below draw the top 
and bottom faces, and at the left and right the side 



faces, and adjoining either side, add the back face. 
Such a drawing is here shown. If cut out and folded 
along the lines connecting the squares, the result 
would be a 2^-inch rabe. 

An aid to a clearer comprehension of the principles 
involved in laying out patterns, and also a check to 
the accurateness of the work, may be obtained by 
duplicating this and the succeeding five patterns upon 
a sheet of thin card-board or stiff paper and folding 
to the desired shape. A lap, for pasting, should be 
added along outer edges. 













SHEET VIII 




DEIVEILOPMEINT »^ QUBEI 












• 














- 






c 














-i * 


1 















28 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET IX. 



Development of Square Pyramid. 



Draw the top and front vLews of a pyramid having 
a base 2 inches square and an altitude of 4 inches, 
and develop its surface. 

To obtain the development of the surface of the 
pyramid it will be necessary first to carefully study 
the two views. These show that the pyramid has 
four sides and a base, and that the sides are equal 
triangles successively joined together. All that is 
required. \hen, is to draw four equal triangles joined 
together aoout their vertices, and upon one of the 
triangles to join the square base. As two sides of the 
triangles are equal and meet in a point, they may be 
considered in the pattern as radii of an arc of a 
circle. The next step is to find the length of this 
radius. A top view of one of the sides of the face 
triangles is shown at A B, and a front view of the 
same line is shown at C U. But this front view of 
the line is foreshortened, and it is required to find its 



true length. Imagine the pyramid rotated about its 
axis so that the line A B would assume the position 
A E. Then the projection of this line in the front 
view is C F, which is the required true length. This 
exemplifies an important rule for developments, that 
the true length of each line must be ascertained, and 
also that the projection of the true length of a line 
will show as a horizontal line in a top view. 

Having now found the true length of a side, C F, 
this length is taken in the compasses and an arc of 
indefinite length is described. From some point in 
this arc as a centre, and with a radius equal to a side 
of the base, an arc is drawn cutting the first arc. 
The two points are joined by a chord which repre- 
sents the base of one of the triangles. This base 
line is laid off four times and the various points joined 
to the centre of the arc. Upon one of the chords a 
2-inch square is drawn, completing the pattern. 



SHEET IX 



DEIVELOPMEINT ^^ SQUARE PYRAMID. 





30 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET X. 



Development of Truncated Hexagonal Prism. 



Draw the top and front views of a hexagonal 
prism, each face of the hexagon being i^ inches, and 
at 2| inches from the base, measuring along the left- 
hand edge, pass a cutting plane making an angle of 
45° with the base. Also develop the entire surface 
of the truncated prism thus formed. 

As the sides of the hexagon are equal, their 
development is a Hne six times i^ inches long. There- 
fore, draw a line 6| inches long as the base line of 
the pattern, and for convenience in projecting, let 
it be in the prolongation of the base line of the prism. 
Divide this line into six equal parts, and at the 
points of division erect perpendiculars. On these 
lines cut off distances equal to the cut edges o-f the 
prism. This may be done directly by projection from 
the front view. Connect the tops of Hnes, and attach 
a regular hexagon to one of the sides. In order to 
find the true shape of the top it will be necessary to 
make a view at right angles to it in the front view. 
At right angles to the cut face draw a line, and at 
some point in it draw another line at right angles to 



it. This latter line is shown at C D. From C and E 
in the front view project lines at right angles to the 
cut, through C and E, E in the oblique view. As 
the point C is on the centre line in the top view, it 
will also be on the centre line in the oblique view. 
On the line projected from E in the front view, the 
positions of E, E must be determined. As the line 
C D is only another position of the line C B, the 
distances of E, E from C D and C B must be the 
same in both instances. The positions of these points 
being determined, together with that of C, the 
remaining points are obtained in a like manner and 
joined in their regular order. 

It now only remains to transfer this true shape of 
the cut surface to the rest of the pattern. Select any 
side as a connecting side. Then, as any point is 
determined by its distance from any two other 
points, each of the corners may be located by two 
intersecting arcs, the radii of which are equal to 
the distances from any two points previously found. 



SHEET X 




32 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XI. 



Development of Cylinder. 



Draw the top and front views of a cylinder to the 
dimensions given, and develop the side and top 
surfaces. 

As the circumference of a circle is 3. 141 6 times 
the diameter, the development of the side of the 
cylinder would be a rectangle 3.1 41 6 times 2 inches 
long and 4 inches wide. The customary practice, 
however, is to divide the top view into a number of 
equal parts and step off with the dividers the same 
number of equal parts for the development. In the 
drawing, one-half of the top view is shown divided 
into twelve equal parts, therefore twenty-four of the 
parts are laid off along the base line of the pattern. 
The divisions of the top view are projected along the 
front view as elements of the cylinder, and these 
elements are reproduced on the pattern when it is 
desired to show the development of a cut. A sup- 
posed cut is here shown in the front view by a 



construction line, and its development is shown on 
the pattern. Imagine the elements of the cylinder 
numbered from left to right and the elements of the 
pattern correspondingly numbered. Then, with the 
T-square, project the intersection of the first element 
of the cylinder with the cut, across to the first 
element of the pattern. The intersection of the sec- 
ond element with the cut is next projected to the 
second element of the pattern, and so on till the 
centre element of the pattern is reached. As the cut 
is the same at the back of the cylinder as in front, 
the right-hand side of the developed curve will be 
identical with the part already found, only reversed. 
Draw the curve in free-hand with pencil, and ink with 
the aid of the scroll. 

The true shape of the face of the cut is an ellipse, 
and may be found by the method shown in the 
previous sheet, for finding an oblique view. 



SHEET XI 




34 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XII. 



Development of Cone. 



Draw the top and front views of a cone having a 
2-inch base and an altitude of 4 inches, and develop 
its surface. 

As in the case of the cylinder, divide the circum- 
ference in the top view into a number of equal parts 
and project these divisions upon the base line of the 
front view. Connect these projected points with the 
apex of the cone. To the right of the cone describe 
an arc, having a side of the cone as radius and the 
apex as centre. On this arc lay off the development 
of the circumference in the top view by stepping off 
the same number of equal parts as there are divisions 
of the circumference. Connect each of the points 
stepped off with the apex. By drawing a circle equal 
to that of the top view, tangent to the arc, the pattern 
of the cone is completed. 



If it is required to obtain the development of the 
frustum of a cone, the cut may be developed in the 
manner shown in the drawing. From the points of 
intersection of the cut with the various elements of 
the cone draw lines parallel to the base, cutting a side 
line. The true lengths of the cut elements are thus 
obtained. With the apex as centre, and with radii 
equal to the distances to each of the points found on 
the side line of the cone, describe arcs cutting the 
elements of the developed cone. The process is 
identical with that used in developing the cut of the 
cylinder, excepting that the points are projected by 
concentric arcs in the case of the cone and by parallel 
lines in the case of the cylinder. As in the previous 
sheet, the true shape of the cut face is an ellipse, and 
may be foucd by the method there indicated. 



SHEET XII 



DEVEH-OPMEZNT- or CONEZ:^ 




36 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XIII. 

Development of Four-Piece Elbow. 



Draw the top and front views of a four-piece elbow, 
together with its development. 

The ellipses in the top view are obtained by pro- 
jecting the points of intersection of the joints in the 
front view with the elements, to corresponding 
elements in the top view. Five such points are 
shown at G, H,G, P and J. The top view is not required 
in obtaining the development, and is given only as an 
additional exercise in drawing. First draw a 2-inch 
cylinder of indefinite height. At i \ inches above the 
base draw a horizontal line D C, extending it to the 
right, one inch beyond the cylinder, and erect the 
perpendicular, C F. With the 3o°-6o° triangle 
divide the right angle thus formed into three equal 
angles. The sides of these angles serve as centre 
lines for the various parts of the elbow, and their 
bisectors, H J, K L, M N, are the joints. The angles 
may be bisected by stepping off two equal divisions 
on the quadrant serving as the centre line of the 
elbow. The joint M N, crossing the cylinder as first 



drawn, completes the lowest part of the elbow. To 
obtain the second part, draw lines from the extrem- 
ities of M N, at right angles to E C, until cut by the 
second joint K L. The remaining parts are obtained 
by the same method. 

The development of the lowest part is obtained as 
shown in Sheet XI. The two central parts are alike, 
therefore one pattern will suffice. Draw a horizontal 
line E C, corresponding to the centre line E C, in the 
front view. Cut off distances above and below the 
centre line of the pattern equal to the distances above 
and below E C in the front view : e. g., L N and K M. 
Connect the points found by a smooth curve. The 
upper part is obtained by stepping off the distances 
from corresponding elements of the upper part in the 
front view. Similar letters refer to similar points in 
each of the views. 

The distance that the point C is from the elbow 
determines the curvature of the elbow: the nearer 
the point, the sharper the turn. 



SHEET XIII 



DEZ^yEZL-OPMENT or rOUR-PIEZCEI ELBOW. 




38 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SCREW THREADS. 



In the figure opposite, let A B C D represent a 
cylinder, and let the base line, D D, of the triangle be 
equal to the circumference of the cyhnder. Imagine 
the side B D of the triangle placed against the 
element B D of the cylinder, and the triangle wrapped 
around the cylinder. The hypotenuse of the triangle 
would then present the appearance shown by the 
curve. Such a curve is called a helix, and the per- 
pendicular distance between the ends of the curve is 
known as \i?> pitch. 

Another way of imagining a helix to be traced is by 
a point rotating about a centre and at the same time 
advancing in a straight line. This is clearly shown 
on a screw-cutting lathe in which the metal to be cut 
revolves with a uniform velocity and the tool is fed 
along a straight line parallel to the axis of the 
screw. 

It is customary to speak of pitch as the number of 
threads per inch rather than by the true pitch measure- 
ment. A thread of one-eighth-inch pitch is known as 
"8-pitch"; that is, there are eight threads to the 
inch. 



The following table is one that draughtsmen should 
be familiar with : 

sellers' or u. s. standard screw threads. 



Diam. 


Pitch. 


Diam. 


Pitch. 


Diam. 


Pitch. 


Diam. 


Pitch 


I 


20 


{1 


10 


a 


6 


^\ 


4 


A 


i8 


i 


9 


If 


Si 


2| 


4 


1 


i6 


H 


9 


If 


5 


2M 


3i 


tV 


H 


I 


8 


I| 


5 


3 


zh 


i 


13 


•i^r 


7 


IH 


5 


3i 


3i 


A 


12 


li 


7 


2 


4i 


3A 


3i 


1 


II 


a 


7 


H 


4i 


l\ 


3i 


H 


II 


lA 


6 


2^ 


4 


3f 


3 


1 


10 


If 


6 


2f 


4 


4 


3 



The standard thread in the United States is known 
as the Sellers' thread. The angle of this thread is 
6o degrees. One-eighth of the top of the thread is 
taken off and an equal amount added to the bottom, 
thus doing away with the sharp corners. A section 
of the Sellers' thread is shown in Sheet XIV, and 
also a section of a square thread. 



REGULAR COURSE EXERCISES. 



39 



Screw Threads. 



HELIX AND PITCH. 




FIG. 3. 



40 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XIV. 

Screw Threads. 



At the upper left-hand corner of the sheet is shown 
the method of obtaining the curve of a screw thread. 
Divide one-half the circle into any number of equal 
parts and divide one-half the pitch A H into the 
same number of equal parts, say six. Then project 
the points of division of the circle successively to the 
lines of division of the pitch, as A to A, B to B, C to 
C, etc. Connect the last series of points by a smooth 
curve. The root curve is obtained in a similar man- 
ner from the points of division on the inner circle. 
Observe that in a single-threaded screw the point on 
one side is directly opposite the root on the other. 

To draw the square-threaded screw, shown in the 
centre drawing, lay off the pitch along the sides and 
sketch in lightly the squares representing the depth 
and width. The curves are obtained as in the case 
of the V-thread. Notice that part of the curves are 
hidden, and draw only such parts as appear in the 
front view. 



The method of representing screw threads just ex- 
plained is not used in working drawings, because oi 
the amount of time and trouble it necessitates, and 
because the object of the drawing can be attained as 
well by a much simpler method. 

Various kinds of conventionalized threads for small 
screws are shown at the lower part of the sheet. 
That shown at the left is a common method. The 
longer lines represent the tops of the threads and are 
drawn about one-eighth of an inch apart, regardless 
of what the pitch may be. The shorter lines are 
drawn slightly heavier and not quite to the sides of 
the thread. 

At the top of the sheet straight lines are sub- 
stituted for the curves of the V-thread, and at 
the right the thread is given a more finished 
appearance. In the centre of the sheet are shown 
two methods for drawing conventional square 
threads. 



SHEET XIV 




42 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET XV. 



Springs. 



This sheet shows conventional methods of repre- 
senting springs. The spring at the left may be con- 
sidered as a square-threaded screw from which the 
body has been removed. The cun^es, except at the 
ends, are shown as straight lines 



The two springs at the right are of round wire, 
sections of which are shown. Draw circular arcs 
with centres an inch apart for the larger spring and 
three-eighths of an inch for the smaller one. Draw 
lines tangent to these arcs. 



SHEET XV 




44 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XVI. 

Standard Bolts and Nuts. 



This sheet is designed to show the proportions of 
standard bolts and nuts. The diameter of the bolt is 
the unit from which the various proportions are de- 
rived. In the drawing, the diameter of each of the 
bolts is taken as one inch. The lengths of the bolts 
are shown as indefinite. Complete the drawing to 
the standard proportions for finished bolts and nuts 
given in the Table, page 38. 

To draw the chamfer on the hexagonal nut or 
head, take a radius equal to the thickness of the 
nut and with centre at the intersection of the centre 
line and bottom of nut, describe an arc. The inter- 
sections of the arc with the sides of the front face 
determine the extremities of the two side arcs. By 
tiial, find a point on the centre line of the side face 



for an arc passing through the top of the nut and the 
two extremities before determined. The point is 
about one-quarter way down the centre line. The 
chamfer on the square nut is here shown as equal 
to that on the hexagonal nut. 

A hexagonal nut may be drawn with close approx- 
imation to accuracy by the following method, which 
dispenses with the drawing of the hexagon : First 
draw the centre line of the nut, and then the top and 
bottom lines equal to the diameter of the bolt. Draw 
the front face slightly narrower than this diameter, 
and take the width of each of the side faces as equal 
to one-half the front face. Add the chamfer, as 
above. Three faces of a hexagonal nut should be 
shown, and but one face of a square nut. 



SHEET XVI 




STAND/KRD BOLTS ^'> /\/UT3. 



^D 



'I 






ROUGH 


r/NISHCD 


r 


/^D-^i- 


/:£D * 7^ 


T 


D 


D-7h 




P=Out.s/c/e diom of ho J t 



f~- <3hort diom o/ head omul 



T' Thickness of head ornul 



I— - Ljsn^th of holt 



P- Pitch. 



•^'* No. threads per inch 



46 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XVII. 



Spanner Wrench. — Drop Forged. 



It is desirable that objects somewhat similar to 
those shown in this sheet and the sheets immediately 
following, be used as models. Where this is imprac- 
ticable, the drawings may be used as sketches. When 
a drawing is to be made from the object, a pencil 
sketch is first made. All sketches should be free-hand 
and carefully executed. The dimensions are taken 
from the object with foot-rule and calipers. 

Care should be exercised in the placing of dimen- 
sions. No general rule can be laid down, as the 
proper dimensioning of a drawing is a matter of 
experience. The draughtsman should be familiar 



with machine-shop practice, and put such dimensions 
on his drawings as best serves the purpose of the 
workman. 

This sheet shows a working drawing of a spanner- 
wrench, drop forged. All the curves are arcs of cir- 
cles, the centres of which it will be necessary to locate. 
Draw to the dimensions given. In making working 
drawings, first locate the centre lines and build 
the drawings up about them. The figures used in 
dimensioning should be about one-eighth inch in 
height, and be strong and distinct. In inking, put la 
all curves first and then the straight lines. 



SHEET XVII 




48 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING, 



SHEET XVIII. 



Seven-inch Pulley. 



In Sheet V we learned that " when an object to be 
sectioned is the same on both sides of its centre line, 
only one side is sectioned, while the other side is 
drawn in full." In this sheet is found an application 
of this rule. The pulley is symmetrical about the 
centre of the shaft, therefore, in sectioning, one-half 
alone is shown. The lower half of the pulley is in 
outline, though the drawing would be quite as service- 
able without the hidden lines. 

As many dimensions as possible should be given on 
one view. The same dimension should not be re- 



peated. Where a dimension is given on a sectioned 
surface, the section-lining should not cross the figures. 
Do not crowd the figures. Where there is not room 
for both the figures and the arrow-heads between the 
lines to be dimensioned, the arrow-heads may be 
placed outside the lines, as shown at the upper right- 
hand corner of the sheet. See that all unfinished 
corners of castings are rounded. Draw to the given 
dimensions. To show the structure of a part, a cross- 
section is sometimes placed on the part, as shown on 
one of the spokes. 



SHEET XVm 




50- 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XIX. 



Cone Pulley. 



When an end view of an object shows cnly circles, 
it should be omitted. Therefore, but one view of the 
cone pulley is necessary. The fact that an end view 
would' show as a: series of concentric circles may be 
expressed by placing the abbreviation " d," or " dia." 
after the dimensions that show diameters. 



Shafts should not be sectioned. Spindles, studs 
nuts, bolts and screws are also included in this rule. 
An application of the rule is given in the drawing, 
where the shaft is shown in full, while the pulley is 
shown in secrion. 



SHEET XIX 




32 COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING 



SHEET XX. 

F.ange Coupling 

The rule to which attention was called in the last is not sectioned, but also the bolt and nut. When 

sheet, that shafts should not be sectioned, is further two adjacent pieces are sectioned, the section-lining 

emphasized in this sheet, wherein not only the shaft takes a different direction in each. 



SHEET XX 




54 



CO 7ESE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET XXI. 



Pillow-Block. 



As a full-size drawing of the pillow-block to the 
dimensions given would be too large for the sheet, it 
becomes necessary to drav; it to a reduced scale. 
The scale should be as large as possible ; in this case, 
three-quarters of an inch to the inch. That is, for 
each inch measured upon the pillow-block, three- 
quarters of an inch is drawn. The dimensions should 
in all cases be the full dimensions of the object. 
Place a note upon the drawing, stating the scale to 



which it is drawn when other than full scale. Centre 
line c.ll holes and give the distance between centres. 
An endeavor has been made to adopt a standard 
section-lining to represent different materials. A 
section-lining to represent Babbitt-metal is here shown. 
It consists of lines drawn at 30° or 60° in both direc- 
tions. The purpose of such section-lining is generally- 
more easily and satisfactorily obtained by giving the 
name of the material in a note upon the drawing. 



SHEET XXI 




56 COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET X> Jl. 

Five-inch Clamp. 

In long screw-vhreading, considerable time may be of the clamp. The necessity for an end view is 

saved by drawing the threads at the beginning and obviated by showing in section such construction of 

ending only. This practice is shown on th« drawing parts as would be shown in the end view. 



SHEET XXII 




58 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET XXIII. 



Monkey Wrench. 



The pitch of the thread is here given in a note on 
the drawing as "Pitch-ii"; it might be abbreviated 
to read "P-ii." If the thread is a left-handed one, 
it is so noted on the drawing, otherwise it is under- 
stood to be right-handed. A single-thread is under- 
stood unless otherwise noted. 

A scheme for putting in small dimensions is shown 



in the case of the topmost dimension on the sheet 
Two arrow-heads embrace the part to be dimensioned 
and the shaft of one of the arrows serves as the 
division-line of the fraction. The interior construc- 
tion of the handle is here suggested, but not dimen- 
sioned. The cross-hatching indicates the knurling of 
the head of the bolt. 



SHEET XXllI 



MONKEY WRENCH. 




flo 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAIVING. 



SHEET XXIV. 



Globe Valve. 



The valve is symmecticai about its centre-line, ex- 
cepting the consiructicn of the valve seat. One-half 
is in section ana the left-hand side of the valve is 
shown by hidden lin^s. Another method of showing- 



the valve seat is to break avray a piece of the wah 
and show the entire valve seat in section. To avoid 
crowding, some of the minor dimensions are omitted 
in the drawing. 



SHEET XXIV 



GLOBE VALVE 



01 



\W4 



I 



-& 



-^ 



^'J: 






^^ 



V^^-: 




NOTES ON WORKING DRAWINGS. 



GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 

Practice in the various draughting rooms 
may differ in details, yet is uniform in princi- 
ples. These principles we have been study- 
ing in the previous sheets of this course, and 
axe about to apply them in making a complete 
set of working drawings of a bench lathe. 
For the sake of compactness, and the arrang- 
ing of a series best adapted for students' use, 
the set is made up of five sheets, the first of 
which is an assembly drawing, that is, a draw 
ing showing the assembling of all the parts 
into the complete machine, and the remain- 
ing four being each a detail sheet of the four 
parts of the lathe, head-stock, tool-rest, tail- 
stock, and bed. 

Other arrangements of sheets might advan- 
tageously be made ; e. g., all work for the 
forge-shop might be grouped together, and 



also all work for the pattern-maker. In fact, 
it is the custom in some draughting rooms to 
make separate drawings for the machinist, 
the pattern-maker, and the blacksmith. Or 
all work required to be done on a certain 
machine, as a screw-cutting lathe, may be 
brought together. 

For convenience in reference, the various 
points to which attention has been called 
in the sheets immediately preceding are 
here brought together under appropriate 
headings, and such notes are added as may 
be required for a comprehensive knowledge 
of prevailing draughting-room practice. 

T, Size of Sheets. Some system of 
uniform sizes of sheets is generally adopted 
in draughting-offices to facilitate handling 
and filing. A convenient system permits of 



64 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



a smaller sheet being made by halving the 
next larger. Such a scheme has been fol- 
lowed in this series. The paper comes in 
sheets, 22 x 30. Each sheet is cut into two 
sheets of 15x22, for large drawings, and 
again divided into sheets of 15x11 for the 
smaller drawings. The lathe drawings are 
made upon the larger sheets. The border- 
lines inclose a "sight" of 19^^x13. Trim 
to f of an inch at the top, bottom and right- 
hand sides. A wider margin at the left 
permits of binding together the series of 
drawings. 

2. Title, Index, Etc. Leave a space 01 
4x2 in the lower right-hand corner for title, 
etc. A method for titles is shown on the 
sheets. It consists of five parts : 

a — Name of Machine. 

^—Detail. 

c — Scale. 

d — Date and Draughtsman. 

e — Index of Drawing. 



The le'-ter of the Index should, if possible, 
bear some relation to the machine designated, 
e. g., L-Lathe. The first number is used to 
distinguish between various types of similar 
machines. The final number is the particular 
mark of the machine bearing it. In a com- 
plete set of drawings the assembly drawing 
should be indexed as number one, and should 
contain a list of the other drawings with 
their numbers. 

The heights of the letters in " a " and " d " 
are ^^ inches for capitals and ^ inch for lower- 
case letters. Other letters and figures are 
^ inch in height, excepting the index. Index 
letters and figures, e.g., L-2-1 are | inches 
high. 

The firm's name should appear somewhere 
on each drawing. A common usage is to put 
this on with a stamp which sometimes in- 
cludes the date. 



3. Sketches. Sketches should be made 
with care and be of such a nature that a 



NOTES ON WORKING DRAWINGS. 



65 



correct drawing or even the thing itself could 
be made from them by another, if necessity 
demanded it. A pad of manila paper, about 
8x12, will be found handy for making 
sketches. The work should be free-hand. 

4. Laying out Work. Large sheets 
requiring considerable time may be stretched ; 
otherwise use tacks. 

Select such views as will best show the 
object and as few as will show it clearly. 

Find approximately the space each view 
will occupy and locate centre-lines. 

Build up each part about its centre-lines, 
not completing each view separately, but 
projecting lines from one view to 
another. 



view should be omitted, and the letter " d," 
or "dia." be used in dimensioning. 

6. Sectioning. When it is desirable 
to show in detail the internal structure, 
sectioning should be used. 

When an object is symmetrical about its 
axis, section but one-half. 

Do not section bolts, nuts, screws, studs, 
spindles, and shafts. 

The part of an object back of a sectioned 
view need not be shown. 

Two adjacent cut surfaces should be 
sectioned-lined in opposite directions. 

More than two cut surfaces may be dis- 
tinguished by varying the width of the 
section-lining, or its slant. 



5. Relation of Views. Where more 
than one view is required, place the top 
view above the front view, the right view 
to the right, and the left view to the left. 
When an end view shows only circles, this 



7. Inking. If original drawings are to 
be inked, use black ink only. It is sufficient, 
however, to have the original drawing in 
pencil, as a tracing can be made directly 
from it. 



66 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



Show centre-lines by light dashes, alter- 
nately \ and \ inches in length. 

Show invisible parts by hidden lines made 
up of dashes about f'g. inches long. 

Construction lines should not be inked. 

Ink all curved lines first ; then the straight 
lines. 

When lines radiate from a point, stop them 
before reaching the point, to avoid blotting. 

Keep the pens sharpened, 

8. Dimensioning. Put in dimensions 
after the drawing proper is completed. 

All dimension figures to be, at least, a scant 
eighth-inch, and made to read, in horizontal 
dimensions from the bottom of the sheet, and 
in vertical dimensions from the right of the 
sheet. 

The division line of fractions should have 
the same direction as dimension lines. 

See that the arrow-heads rest against the 
lines dimensioned. 

Do not use centre-lines for dimension lines. 



Give dimensions in inches and fractions of 
an inch up to 24 inches. Above 24 inches 
use feet and inches, always indicating feet 
and inches, separated by a hyphen, thus : 
5'- o", which reads five feet, no inches. 

When the dimensions are in even feet, the 
inches should always be expressed by o ", 

Give each dimension once only, regardless 
of the number of views. 

Give dimensions over-all, that is, give the 
dimension of the whole in addition to the 
dimension of the parts. 

As far as possible confine dimensions to 
the one view. 

Designate a radius by "r" or "rad." and 
indicate the centre by a small circle. 

The full dimensions should be given re- 
gardless of the scale of the drawing. 

Dimensions should be placed upon the 
object, but where this would lead to crowding, 
the dimension may be placed adjacent to the 
object and connected by dashes. 

Give distances between centres of bolt holes. 



NOTES ON WORKING DRAWINGS. 



67 



9. Tracings. Centre and dimension lines 
on tracings may be represented by full red- 
ink lines. The arrow-heads should be 
black. 

Washes or crayon used for sectioning 
should be placed on the reverse side of the 
cloth. 

If the ink does not readily adhere to the 
cloth, the surface may be brushed with chalk 
or talc. 

10. General Notes. Use explanatory 
notes freely. 

"Finish " may be indicated by an "f," the 
cross-bar of the f being on the line to be 
finished. Or "finish" maybe indicated by 
drawing a line in red ink adjacent to the 
surface to be finished. 

The name of each piece and the number 
required for each complete machine should 
be marked directly over the piece. 

In long screw-threading show oniy the 
beginning and ending of the thread. 



A long object havmg the same construct- 
ion throughout a considerable distance may 
be drawn with its central part broken out. 

Do not use the scale as a ruler. 



BLUE=PRINTINQ. 

It is in the form of blue-prints that the 
drawings generally reach the shops. The 
prints are made by exposing chemically pre- 
pared paper to the action of the sunlight, 
and then washing in water. 

Prepared paper may be purchased from 
dealers in draughtsmen's supplies, or it may 
be easily made as wanted. The chemicals 
required for sensitizing the paper are Citrate 
of Iron and Ammonia, and Red Prussiate of 
Potash. These may be purchased at any 
drug-store and should not cost more than 
ten cents an ounce. 

For making enough blue-print paper for the 
set of drawings of the lathe, dissolve about one 
ounce of Citrate of Iron and Ammonia in 



68 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



four ounces of water, and about three-quarter 
ounces of Red Prussiate of Potash in four 
ounces of water. The Prussiate of Potash 
will dissolve more readily if it is first pounded 
into a powder. The relative amounts of the 
chemicals used vary in practice, equdl quan- 
tities of each being sometimes used. The 
quantities given above have been found by 
experience to yield a deep blue color. After 
the chemicals are dissolved they are mixed 
together, and the mixture is spread upon the 
surface of a good, white paper. A soft 
paste-brush, about four inches wide, will be 
found serviceable for this purpose. Apply 
the solution evenly over the entire surface, 
and tack the sheet up in a dark place to dry. 
The paper is now sensitive to the action of 
light, from which it should be carefully 
guarded. The drying requires about an 
hour The paper may be kept for some 
time without deterioration. 

In offices where blue-printing is done, 
special printing frames are provided. These 



consist of a board upon which two or three 
thicknesses of flannel or other soft cloth is 
smoothly fastened, over which is hinged a 
sheet of heavy glass. The cloth furnishes a 
smooth, yielding surface upon which to place 
the paper and tracings, and the heavy glass 
presses them evenly together while permit- 
ting the sunlight to act. The prepared paper 
is placed upon the cloth, sensitized face up, 
and the tracing is placed over it. They are 
held firmly together by the glass, and ex- 
posed to the direct action of the sun's rays. 
The time of exposure varies with the in- 
tensity of the sunlight, but from ten to three 
o'clock an exposure of from five to eight 
minutes should be sufficient. The printing 
may be done without the direct action of the 
sun's rays, as upon a cloudy day, by extend- 
ing the time of exposure to from one to two 
hours. 

When the paper has been exposed long 
enough, which is shown by the yellow color 
changing to a bluish-gray, it is placed on a 



NOTES ON WORKING DRAWINGS. 



69 



bath of clean water, and allowed to soak 
for a few minutes. It is then rinsed off and 
hung up to dry. 

If a regular printing frame is not attain- 
able, any simple device may be used that will 
keep the paper and tracing firmly pressed 
together and not obstruct the action of the 
sunlight. 



If, after a blue-print is made, it is desired to 
add anything to it, as a measurement or a 
lirre, it may be done with an ordinary pen 
dipped in caustic soda, which bleaches the 
blue, or Chinese White may be used. 

The finished parts of a machine may be 
shown upon a blue-print by drawing lines 
with red ink adjacent to such parts. 



70 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



SHEET XXV. 



Bench Lathe — Assembly Drawing. 



The assembly drawing, although numbered one, is 
the last to be drawn in the series. It is made directly 
from the detail sketches. The numbers upon the 
assembly drawing refer to the numbers of the various 
parts and show how they are assembled. 

For example, the head-stock frame in the assembly 
drawing is marked "2-1." By looking at the "List 
of Drawings " given in the lower left-hand corner of 
the sheet, it will be seen that " 2 " is the number of 
the sheet containing the details of the head-stock, 
and that the number of the frame is " i " on that 
sheet. Again, the hand-wheel on the tail-stock is 
numbered "4-6," which means, detail number 6 on 
sheet number 4. 



As a rule, it is better not to shade a drawing. 
There are places where shade-lining tends to brmg 
out more clearly the meaning of a drawing, but such 
cases are the exception. This sheet would be quite 
as serviceable without the shade lines. It adds some- 
what of a finish to the drawing, but is here given 
simply as an example, and to explain the method. 
The light is supposed to come from the upper left- 
hand corner of the sheet at an angle of 45°. There- 
fore, the bottom and right-hand lines are made 
heavier. The thickness of the shade line should be 
upon the outside of the line. 

Sometimes the principal over-all dimensions are 
shewn on the assembly drawing. 



SHEET XXV 




i./s(^ of Droivings 

/ - Assembly 
£- Head Stach 
J- Tool Beat 
■ ^- Tail Stock. 
6- Bed 



Bench L-othe 
Assembly. 

Sc^i-C' Mfii-r.3iee . 
8-96. lSV6. ^ 

L-2-1 



72 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA UTING. 



SHEET XXVI. 



Bench Lathe — Details of Head- Stock. 



The designing of a machine and the making of the 
original drawings for it is not a subject to concern the 
student of elementary mechanical drawing. That is the 
work of the experienced designer and draughtsman. 
The best practice for the student is to make drawings 
of some machine already built. 

Suppose the bench lathe under consideration to be 
such a machine. The first thing to do is to take the 
machine apart and make careful free-hand sketches of 
each part, fully dimensioning. Section-paper, a paper 
lightly lined to inches and fractions of an inch, will be 



found of assistance in making correctly proportioned 
sketches. From these sketches the mechanical draw- 
ing is made in pencil. As every one cannot have a 
machine to take apart and make sketches of, the 
student may consider these sheets as sketches and 
make his drawings directly from them, working to the 
given dimensions. 

Each detail on this sheet should be carefully studied 
and the reason for each line and dimension should, 
with the aid of the preceding explanations, be under- 
stood. 



SHEET XXVI 



■Spind/e. —3 





&L L i I J- '-IS. 

y r~ ~ I ^ ~ T~ frnw 



-^^/^-f 



/-^^IS 



j--a--9e. AC 

L-2-2 



74 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET XXVII. 

Bench Lathe — Details of Tool Rest. 



But two views of the post are necessary to give all 
the dimensions ; the bottom view shows a little more 
clearly the shape of that part of the post. The tap 
(internal screw-threading) on the post is shown by 
parallel hidden lines in the side view and by the 
note, " I in. tap." The tap is shown in the front view 



by two circles. This method is also shown on the 
clamping lever. Where a definite pitch is not given 
of screw threads, as in the case of the fastening bolt, 
it is understood to be standard. The bolt is five- 
eighths inches in diameter, therefore the pitch of the 
screw-threading is eleven. (See Table on page 38.) 



SHEET XXVII 



Saddle-^ 






Ant^hor P/ots-6. 




Bench Lathe 

Oetai/s of Tool Reat 

2-za-9e y^*6 — ^ 



^6 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRA WING. 



SHEET XXVIII. 

Bench Lathe — Details of Tail Stock. 



But one view of the nuts is shown, and in each 
case the height alone is given. This would indicate 
that the nuts are standard, and the height of the nut 
equals the diameter of the bolt. Therefore, the taps 
of the stud bolt nut and the hand wheel nut are 



|-inches and |-inches respectively. Another method 
of indicating a tap is given on the tail stock frame, 
where the thread is shown by conventional hidden lines. 
The taper of the centre might have been expressed 
by giving the amount of rise to each inch. 



SHEET XXVlli 



Hand Wheel -S. 




Beitoh Lathe 
Details oF Toil 3tock 

. SCJkLC -rUt-L. SI31C 

2-17- 96 Oftoif^ 

L-2-4 



78 



COURSE IJV MECHANICAL DRA WTNC. 



SHEET XXIX. 

Bench Lathe — Details of Bed. 



This sheet is drawn to half-scale. As the structure 
of tlie bed is the same throughout a considerable 
length, space may be saved by breaking out a piece 
and showing only the ends. The dimension over- 
all is given. The section here shown as an end view is 
frequently drawn in the broken-out portion as indicat- 



ing the structure of the object at that part. Some- 
times drawings made to different scales are placed 
upon the same sheet. On this sheet the bed and 
leg are drawn to half-scale, but the bolt might 
have been drawn full size, on account of its relative 
smallness, and a note giving its scale added. 



SHEET XXIX 



Bed-/ 




Bench Lathed 
DetaHs of Bsd 



uf aiz.c.. 



8o 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING 



SHEET XXX. 

Isometric Drawing. 



Isometric drawings are relatively easy to make and 
understand, and in a single view give information 
that in an ordinary mechanical drawing would 
require two or more views. They have the disad- 
vantage of appearing distorted and also of limiting 
measurements to three directions. 

In making an isometric drawing all vertical lines, 
or lines representing height, as line A B, are drawn 
as vertical lines; all lines representing widths, as 
line A C, are drawn at 30° to the right; and all lines 
representing depth, as line A E, are drawn 30° to 
the left. On these three lines, and lines parallel to 
them, measurements may be made, but all other lines 
will vary from their true length. E.g. A B and A C 
are 3 inches long in both the front view and in the 
isometric view, and A E is 2 inches. But take any 
line outside of the isometric lines, as the distance A D; 
01 the front view the true measurement of this dis- 
tance is found to be about if\ inches, whereas in the 
isometric view it is about 5 \ inches. 

Draw the 3-inch square shown at the bottom of the 



sheet and then draw the same square in isometric 
projection. First draw the vertical line A B and then 
the lines A C and B D at 30° to the horizontal. Draw 
A E at 30° and fiJl in the remaining lines. 

Inscribe a circle in the square. To make an iso- 
metric drawing of this circle first make the isometric 
view of the square as shown in the right-hand upper 
corner. Divide B D into a number of equal parts, as 
at F, G, H, I and J. From these points drop vertical 
lines and on these lines take the measurements F f, 
G g, etc. Carry out the same method with the 
other three sides of square. The result will be a 
series of points f, g, h, i, j, etc., through which a 
smooth curve should be drawn. This curve will 
prove to be an ellipse, which is the isometric 
drawing of the circle. By drawing the rear el- 
lipse and the two connecting tangent lines an 
isometric drawing of a cyHnder is obtained. Any 
curve may be drawn isometrically by the method of 
offsets used in making this isometric drawing of a 
circle. 



SHEET XXX 



ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS 




82 COURSE IN MECHANICAL DKAIVING 



SHEET XXXI. 

Isometric Drawing of a Face Plate. 

As a practical example of the application of iso- Sheet XXX the student will readily comprehend 

metric drawing a face plate is shown in Sheet XXXI. the method of making this or a similar drawing. 

Having made the isometric drawing of the circle in 



SHEET XXXI 



FACE PLATE 





8 Threads per I'nch' 



84 COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING 



SHEET XXXII. 

Isometric Sketching. 

The Norman W. Henley Publishing Company, at drawings. The isometric hnes are Hghtly printed 

2 West 4Sth Street, New York, has placed upon the upon the paper and with these as a background iso- 

market an isometric sketching paper * that affords a metric drawings may be readily made. Sheet 

convenient and ready means of making isometric XXXII shows the method of using the prepared paper. 

* This isometric paper is supplied in pads as follows: 

Pads (40 sheets) 6x9 40 cents 

Pads (40 sheets) 9x12 75 cents 

Pads (40 sheets) 12x18 $1 . 50 



SHEET XXXII 




PARALLEL COURSE. 



PARALLEL COURSE EXERCISES 



The following exercises constitute an independent 
series, parallel to the regular course, and may be pur- 
sued in preference to the regular course by those who 
desire to avoid any tendency towards copying. Each 
sheet differs but slightly from the corresponding sheet 
of the regular course, and may readily be drawn from 
the directions accompanying the regular sheet. 

EXERCISE I. 

Square Prisms. Draw the top and front views of 
a square prism, the base of which is 2 inches square 
and the height 3 inches. Show three positions as in 
Sheet I. 

EXERCISE II. 

Triangular and Hexagonal Pyramids. A pyramid 
differs from a prism in that its sides meet in a point. 
Draw the top and front views of a triangular pyramid 
4 inches in height and having each side of the base 
2 inches. Also draw the top, front, and left-hand 
views of a hexagonal pyramid 4 inches in height, 
having each side of the base i ^ inches. 



EXERCISE III. 
Projection of a Square Prism. Draw the front, 
top and two side views of a square prism, having an 
altitude of 4 inches, base 2 inches square, and tilted 
30° to the right. 

EXERCISE IV. 
Projection of a Double Cross. Add to the cross 
shown in Sheet IV another arm, at right angles to , 
the one given, and of similar dimensions. The top 
view will then present a cross, the arms of which are 
each one inch square. Draw the various projections 
shown in Sheet IV. 

EXERCISE V. 

Sectioned Views. Draw the top and front views, 
and half-section of a square prism, 4 inches high, 
with 2^-inch base, and having a bore of i^ inches in 
diameter. 

Also draw the top and front views of a similar 
prism having a flange at the top and bottom ^ inch 
high and overhanging 1 inch. Show one-half of the 
front view in section. 



90 



COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING. 



EXERCISES VI AND VII. 
Joints. Make working drawings of two simple 
joints, as of a Lap Joint and a Sasli Joint. 

EXERCISE VIII. 
Development of a Rectangular Block. Draw 

tlie development of the surface of a rectangular block, 
3 inches long, 2 inches deep, and 2| inches high. 

EXERCISE IX. 
Development of a Rectangular Pyramid. Draw 
the top and front views, and the development of the 
entire surface of a pyramid having a rectangular base 
2^ X 2 inches, and an altitude of 4 inches. 

EXERCISE X. 
Development of a Truncated Square Pyramid. 

At half the altitude of the square pyramid of Sheet 
IX make a cut at 45° to the base and develop the 
entire surface of the lower part, including the cut 
surface. It will be necessary to show the cut in the 
top view, and this may be obtained by projecting the 
intersections of the cut and the sides of the pyramid 
to these sides as shown in the top view, and by 
joining the points thus found. The entire drawing of 
Sheet IX should first be made, as the cut is then 
more readily determined. 



EXERCISE XI. 
Devetopment of an Elliptical Cylinder. Draw 
the top and front views, and the development of a 
cylinder having an altitude of 4 inches, and an ellip- 
tical base, the major (longer) axis of the ellipse being 
z\ inches and the minor (shorter) axis i| inches. Cut 
the cyHnder by an inclined plane and develop the cut. 
The ellipse is stepped off into a number of equal 
parts as in the case of the circle in Sheet XI. 
c 




EiG 4. 

A simple method of drawing a true ellipse, when 

the major and minor axes are known, is shown in the 

diagram Fig. 4. Let A B be the major axis and C D the 

minor axis. On a slip of paper lay off E F equal to 



PARALLEL COURSE EXERCISES. 



91 



one-half A B, and G F equal to one-half C D. Then 
keeping the point E always on the line C D and the 
point G always on the line A B, the point F will 
describe the required ellipse. Find a number of 
positions of the point F and through these points 
draw a smooth curve. 

EXERCISE XII. 
Development of an Elliptical Cone. Draw the 
top and front views, and the development of a cone 
having an altitude of 4 inches, and an elliptical base, 
the major axis of the ellipse being z\ inches and the 
minor axis if inches. Cut the cone by an inclined 
plane and develop the cut. 

EXERCISE XIII. 
Development of a Five=Piece Elbow. Draw 

the front view and development of a five-piece elbow 
of the same general dimensions as given for the four- 
piece elbow. 



should, therefore, not be attempted. A slight varia- 
tion of the dimension given is the only change that 
should be made. This will be sufficient to give a 
somewhat different curvature to the lines. 

EXERCISE XV. 

Springs. Sheet XV may be varied by closing the 
springs until the spaces are but three-quarters of the 
distances given, while the other dimensions remain 
the same. 

EXERCISE XVI. 
Bolts and Nuts. Substitute for the two bolts and 
nuts of Sheet XVI similar ones of i| inches diameter 
of bolt, and 7 inches in length. Lay lengthwise of 
the sheet and draw without the top views of the nuts, 
by the method given in the latter part of the 
explanations accompanying Sheet XVI. Give all 
dimensions shown by letters in Sheet XVI. 



EXERCISE XIV. 

Screw Threads. The regular sheet on Screw 
Threads contains, in a compact form, much with 
which the student of the subject should be familiar. 
Any departure from the general make-up of the sheet 



EXERCISES XVII TO XXIV. 
Simple Working Drawings. Make working 
drawings of small articles that are not complex in 
their character. The following list may be suggestive 
of suitable material : 



92 



PARALLEL COURSE EXERCISES. 



Various kinds of pulleys, clamps, wrenches, valves, 
simple vises, faucets, anvils; shafting details — as 
couplings, pillow-blocks, and hangers ; engine details 
— as ends, cranks, eccentrics, cross-heads and 
guides, etc. 



EXERCISES XXV TO XXIX. 

Working Drawings, Make a complete set of 
working drawings of some small machine, like a drill- 
press or bench-lathe, or of a small engine. 



1922 

REVISED 



CATALOGUE 

o/LATEST and BEST 

Practical 
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PRACTICAL BOOKS FOR PRACTICAL MEN 



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Published and tor Sale by 

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INDEX TO SUBJECTS 



Accidents 27 

Air Brake 25, 26 

Arithmetic 15, 29, 38 

Automobiles ....3, 4, 5, 6, 7 
Automobile. Charts .... 7 

Aviation 8 

Batteries 18 

Bevel Gears 22 

Brazing and Soldering. 9 

Cams 22 

Charts 7, 8, 9 

Chemistry 21 

Civil Engineering 29 

Coke 10 

Compressed Air 10 

Concrete 10, 11, 12, 13 

Cosmetics 34 

Dictionaries 14 

Dies— Metal Work ..13, 14 
D r a w i'n g — Sketching 

Paper 14, 15 

Electric Bells 16 

Electricity.. 15, 16. 17, 18,19 

Encyclopedia 29 

Factory Management, 

etc 19 

Ford Automobile 6 

Fuel 20 

Flying Machines 8 

Gas Engines and Gas, 

20, 21, 22 

Gearing and Cams .... 22 

Hydraulics 22 

Ice and Refrigeration.. 22 

Inventions — Patents ... 23 

Knots 23 

Lathe Work 23, 24 

Link Motion 25 

Liquid Air 24 



Locomotive Engineering, 

24, 25, 26, 27 
Machine Shop Practice, 

27, 29, 30, 31 

Manual Training 32 

Marine Engineering ... 32 

Mechanical Magazine . . 28 

Mechanical Movements. 30 

Metal Turning 23 

Metal Work Dies 13, 14 

Mining 33 

Moton Cycles 6, 7 

Patents and Inventions. 23 

Pattern Making 33 

Perfumery 34 

Plumbing 34 

Receipt Book 35, 40 

Refrigeration and Ice.. 22 

Repairing Automobiles.. 6 

Rubber 36 

Sav^s 36 

Screw Cutting 36 

Sheet Metal Work ...13. 14 

Smoke Prevention 20 

Soldering 9 

Starting Systems 5 

Steam Engineering. 36, 37, 38 
Stea'n Heating and Ven- 
tilation 38 

Steel 38, 39 

Storage Batteries 18 

Switch Boards 17, 19 

Tractor 22, 39 

Turbines 39 

Ventilation , 38 

Waterproofing 13 

Welding 5 

\^tring 17, 18 

Wireless Telephones . . 19 



t^°°Any of these books will be sent prepaid to any 
part of the world, on receipt of price. 

REMIT by Draft, Postal Money Order, Express Money 
Order, or by Registered Mail. 



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Starting and Driving Instructions, 
trol Systems — Care of Automobiles, 
178 pages, 72 illustrations. 



se gives concise instruc- 
makes of gasoline auto- 
gives distinctive features 
for shifting gears, con- 
chapters contained are: 
Functions. II. General 
III. Typical 1919 Con- 
, Thoroughly illustrated. 
Price, $1.50 



The Automobilist's Pocket Companion and Ex- 
pense Record. 

By Victor W. Page. This book is not only valuable as a 
convenient cost record, but contains much information of 
value to motorists. Includes a condensed digest of auto laws 
of all States, a lubrication schedule, hints for care of storage 
battery and care of tires, location of road troubles, anti- 
freezing solutions, horsepower table, driving hints and many 
useful tables and recipes of interest to all motorists. Not a 
technical book in any sense of the word, just a collection of 
practical facts in simple language for the everyday motorist. 
Convenient pocket size. Price, $1.25 



Gasoline and Kerosene Carburetors, Construction, 
Installation and Adjustment. 

By Capt. V. W. Page. All leading types of carburetors are 
described in detail, special attention being given to the forms 
devised to use the cheaper fuels such as kerosene. Carburetion 
troubles, fuel system troubles, carburetor repairs and instal- 
lation, electric primers and economizers, hot spot manifolds 
and all modern carburetor developments are considered in a 
thorough manner. Methods of adjusting all types of car- 
buretors are fully discussed as well as suggestions for secur- 
ing maximum fuel economy and obtaining highest engine 
power. 250 pages, 89 illustrations. Price, $2.00 



Starting, Lighting and Ignition Systems. 

By Victor W. Page. A practical treatise on latest auto- 
mobile starting, lighting and ignition system practice. This 
practical volume has been written with special reference to 
the requirements of the reader desiring easily understood 
explanatory matter relating to all types of automobile elec- 
trical systems. It can be understood by anyone, even with- 
out electrical knowledge, because elementary electrical prin- 
ciples are considered before any attempt is made to discuss 
features of the various systems. These basic principles are 
clearly stated and illustrated with simple diagrams. All the 
leading systems of starting, lighting and ignition have been 
described and illustrated with the cooperation of the experts 
employed by the manufacturers. Over 200 wiring diagrams 
are shown in both technical and nontechnical forms. Com- 
plete data is given for locating troubles in all systems, the 
various steps being considered in a logical way for those 
without expert electrical knowledge. All ignition systems 
receive full consideration, starting with the simplest battery 
and coil forms fovind on early cars to the modern short- 
contact timer and magneto methods used with the latest eight 
and twelve-cylinder motors. Full directions are given for 
making all repairs and complete instructions for locating 
troubles with meters. This book is unusually complete, as 
it also includes descriptions of various accessories operated 
by electric current, such as electrical gear shifts, brake actua- 
tion, signaling devices, vvilcanizers, etc. _ Over 700 pages. 
425 specially made engravings. 1920 Edition, Revised and 
Enlarged. Price, $3.00 



Automobile Welding with the Oxy-Acetylene 
Flame. 

By M. Keith Dunham. Explains in a simple manner ap- 
paratus to be used, its care, and how to construct necessary 
shop equipment. Proceeds then to the actual welding of all 
automobile parts, in a manner understandable by everyone. 
Gives principles never to be forgotten. This book is of ut- 
most value, since the perplexing problems arising when metal 
is heated to a melting point are fully explained and the 
proper methods to overcome them shown. 167 pages, fully 
illustrated. Price, $1.50 



Automobile Repairing Made Easy. 

By Victor W. Page. A thoroughly practical book contain- 
ing complete directions for making repairs to all parts of the 
motor car mechanism. Written in a thorough but non- 
technical manner. Gives plans for workshop construction, 
suggestions for equipment, power needed, machinery and 
tools necessary to carry on business successfully. Tells how 
to overhaul and repair all parts of all automobiles. The 
information given is founded on practical experience, every- 
thing is explained so simply that motorists and students can 
acquire a full working knowli dge of automobile repairing. 
Other works dealing with repairing cover only certain parts 
of the car — this work starts with the engine, then considers 
carburetion, ignition, cooling and lubrication systems. The 
clutch, change speed gearing and transmission system are 
considered in detail. Contains instructions for repairing 
all types of axles, steering gears and other chassis parts. 
Many tables, short cuts in figuring and rules of practice 
are given for the mechanic. Explains fully valve and mag- 
neto timing, "tuning" engines, systematic location of trouble, 
repair of ball and roller bearing, shop kinks, first aid to 
injured and a multitude of subjects of interest to all in the 
garage and repair business. All illustrations are especially 
rnade for this book, and are actual photographs or reproduc- 
tions of engineering drawings. This book also contains 
Special Instructions on Electric Starting, Lighting and Igni- 
tion Systems, Tire Repairing and Rebuilding, Autogenous 
Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Heat Treatment of Steel, 
Latest Timing Practice, Eight and Twelve-Cylinder Motors, 
etc., etc. You will never "Get Stuck" on a Job if you own 
this book. 1,000 specially made engravings on 500 plates. 
1,056 pages (53^x8). 1920 Edition. Price, $4.00 

The Model T Ford Car, Its Construction, Opera- 
tion and Repair, Including the Fordson Farm 
Tractor, F. A. Lighting and Starting System, 
Ford Motor Truck. 

By Victor W. Page. This is the most complete and prac- 
tical instruction book ever publishtd on the Ford car and 
Fordson tractor. A high grade, cloth bound book, printed 
on the best paper, illustrated by specially made drawings and 
photographs. All parts of the Ford Model T car and Ford- 
son tractor are described and illustrated in a comprehensive 
manner. The construction is fully treated and operating 
principle made clear to everyone. Complete instructions for 
driving and repairing are given. To the 1920 Revised Edition 
matter has been added on the Ford Truck and Tractor Con- 
version Sets and Genuine Fordson Tractor. All parts are 
described. All repair processes illustrated and fully explained. 
Written so all can understand — no theory, no guesswork. 
New Edition. 153 illustrations, 410 pages, 2 large folding 
plates. Price, $2.00 

Motorcycles, Side Cars and Cyclecars, Their 
Construction, Management and Repair. 

By Victor W. Page. Describes fully all leading types of 
machines, their design, construction, maintenance, operation 
and repair. 550 pages. 350 specially made illustrations, 5 
folding plates. New Edition. Price, $2.50 

[6 



Automobile Charts 

By VICTOR W. PAGE, M.S.A.E. 

THE POPULAR AUTOMOBILE SERIES 
UNIFORM SIZE— 24 "x 38"— PRICE 35 CENTS EACH 



Location of Gasoline Engine Troubles Made Easy. 

This chart shows clearly all parts of a typical four-cylinder 
gasoline engine of the four-cycle type. It simplifies location of all 
engine troubles. No details omitted. Price, 35 cents 

Location of Carburetion Troubles Made Easy. 

It shows clearly how to find carburetion troubles and names 
all defects liable to exist in the various parts. Instructions are 
given for carburetor adjustment. Price, 35 cents> 

Location of Ignition System Troubles Made Easy. 

In this chart all parts of a typical double ignition system using 
battery and magneto current are shown, and suggestions are given 
for readily finding ignition troubles and eliminating them when 
found. Price, 35 cents 

Location of Cooling and Lubricating Troubles. 

This is a combination chart showing all components of the ap- 
proved form of water cooling group as well as a modern engine 
lubrication system. It shows all points where defects exist that 
may result in engine overheating, both in cooling and oiling systems. 

Price, 35 ceats 

Lubrication of the Motor Car Chassis. 

This chart presents the plan view of a typical six-cylinder chaseis 
of standard design and outlines all important bearing points re- 
quiring lubrication, and is a valuable guide to the correct lubrication 
of any modern car. A practical chart for all interested in motor 
car maintenance. Price, 35 cents: 

While each chart is complete in itself, the set covers all maintenance 
instructions for the entire automobile. Sold singly. Securely wrapped. 

Location of Starting and Lighting System Faults. 

The most complete chart yet devised, showing all parts of the 
modern automobile starting, lig ting and ignition systems, giving in- 
structions for systematic location of all faults in wiring, lamps, 
motor or generator, switches and all other units. Invaluable to 
motorists, chauffeurs and repairmen. Size 24 x 38 inche''. 

price, 35 cents 

Location of Ford Engine Troubles Made Easy. 

Chart showing clear sectional views depicting all portions of 
the Ford power plant and auxiliary groups. It outlines clearly 
all parts of the engine, fuel supply systems, ignition group and 
cooling system, that are apt to give trouble, detailing all derange- 
ments that are liable to make an engine lose power, start hard, or 
■work irregularly. This chart simplifies location of all engine faults. 
Size 25 X 38 inches. Price, 35 cents 

Location of Motorcycle Troubles Made Easy. 

This chart simplifies location of all power-plant troubles and 
will prove of value to all who have to do with the operation, repair 
or Scde of motorcycles. No details omitted. Size 30 x 20 inches. 

Price, 35 cents 



AVIATION 



A B C of Aviation. 

By Capt. V. \V. Page. This book describes the basic prin- 
ciples of aviation, tells how a balloon or dirigible is made 
and why it floats in the air. Describes how an airplane flies. 
It shows in detail the different parts of an airplane, what 
they are and what they do. Describes all types of airplanes 
and how they differ in construction; as well as detailing the 
advantages and disadvantages of different types of aircraft. 
It includes a complete dictionary of aviation terms and clear 
drawings of leading airplanes. The reader will find simple 
instructions for unpacking, setting up and rigging airplanes. 
A full description of airplane control principles is given and 
methods of flying are discussed at length. 

This Book answers every question one can ask about mod- 
ern aircraft, their construction and operation. A self educa- 
tor on aviation without an equal. 275 pages, 130 specially 
made illustrations with 7 plates. Price, $2.50 

Aviation Engines — Design; Construction; Repair. 

By Lieut. Victor W. Page, Aviation Section, S.C.U.S.R. 
This treatise, written by a recognized authority on all of 
the practical aspects of internal combustion engine construc- 
tion, maintenance and repair, fills the need as no other book 
does. The matter is logically arranged; all descriptive mat- 
ter is simply expressed and copiously illustrated, so that any- 
one can understand airplane engine operation and repair even 
if without previous mechanical training. This work is in- 
valuable for anyone desiring to become an aviator or aviation 
mechanician. 

The latest rotary types, such as the Gnome Monosoupape, 
and LeRhone, are fully explained, as well as the recently- 
developed Vee and radial types. The subjects of carburetion, 
ignition, cooling and lubrication also are covered in a thorough 
manner. The chapters on repair and maintenance are dis- 
tinctive and found in no other book on this subject. Not a 
technical book, but_ a practical, easily understood work of 
reference for all interested in aeronautical science. 576 
pages, 253 illustrations. Price, Net, $3.00 



Glossary of Aviation Terms — English-French; 
French-English. 

A complete glossary of practically all terms used in aviation, 
having lists in both French and English with equivalents in 
either language compiled by Lieuts. Victor W. Page, A.S., 
S.C.U.S.R., and Paul Montariol, of the French Flying 
Corps. Price, Net, $1.00 

Aviation Chart — - Location of Airplane Power 
Plant Troubles Made Easy. 

By Lieut. Victor W. Page, A.S., S.C.U.S.R. A large chart 
outlining all parts of a typical airplane power plant, showing 
the points -ffhere trouble is apt to occur and suggesting 
remedies for the common defects. Intended especially for 
aviators and aviation mechanics on school and field duty. 

Price, 35 cents 

8 



BRAZING AND SOLDERING 



Brazing and Soldering. 

By James F. Hobart. The only book that shows you just 
how to handle any job of brazing or soldering that come3 
along; it tells 3'ou what mixture to use, how to make a 
furnace if you need one._ Full of valuable kinks. The fifth 
edition of this book has just been published, and to it much 
new matter and a large number of tested formulas for all 
kinds of solders and fluxes have been added. Price, 35c. 



CHARTS 



Aviation Chart — Location of Airplane Power 
Plant Troubles Made Easy. 

By Lieut. Victor W. Page, A.S., S.C.U.S.R. A large chart 
outlining all parts of a typical airplane power plant, showing 
the points where trouble is apt to occur and suggesting 
remedies for the common defects. Intended especially for 
aviators and aviation mechanics on school and field duty. 

Price, 35 cents 

Modern Submarine Chart— With 200 Parts Num- 
bered and Named. 

A cross-section view, showing clearly and distinctly all the 
interior of a submarine of the latest type. No details omitted — 
everything is accurate and to scale. This chart is really an 
encyclopedia of a submarine. Price, 25 ceut* 

Box Car Chart. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a box car, having every part 
of the car numbered and its proper name given in a reference 
list. Price, 25 cents 

Gondola Car Chart. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a gondola car, having every 
part of the car numbered and its proper reference name given 
in a reference list. Price, 25 cents 

Passenger Car Chart. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a passenger car; having 
every part of the car numbered and its proper name given 
in a reference list. Price, 35 cent* 

Steel Hopper Bottom Coal Car. 

A chart showing the anatomy of a steel hopper bottom coal 
car, having every part of the car numbered and its proper 
name given in a reference list. Price, 25 cents 

Tractive Power Chart. 

A chart whereby you can find the tractive power or drawbar 
pull of any locomotive without making a figure. Shows what 
cylinders are equal, how driving wheels and steam pressure 
affect the power. What sized engine you need to exert a 
given drawbar pull or anything you desire in this line. 

■ Price, 50 cento 



Horse-power Chart. 

Shows the horse-power of any stationary engine without 
calculation. No matter what the cylinder diameter of stroke, 
the steam pressure or cut-off, the revolutions, or whether 
condensing or non-condensing, it's all there. Easy to use, 
accurate and saves time and calculations. Especially useful 
to engineers and designers. Price, 50 cents 

Boiler Room Chart. 

By George L. Fowler. A chart — size 14 x 28 inches — showing 
in isometric perspective the mechanisms belonging in a modern 
boiler room. This chart is really a dictionary of the boiler 
room — the names of more than 200 partt. being given. 

Price, 25 cents 

COKE 



Coke — Modem Coking Practice, Including An- 
alysis of Materials and Products. 

By J. E. Christopher and T. H. Byrom. This, the standard 
work on the subject, has just been revised and is now 
issued in two volumes. It is a practical work for those en- 
gaged in Coke manufacture and the recovery of By-products. 
Fully illustrated with folding plates. It has been the aim 
of the authors, in preparing this book, to produce one which 
shall be of use and benefit to those who are associated with, 
or interested in, the modern developments of the industry. 
Among the chapters contained in Volume I are: Introduc- 
tion; _ Classification of Fuels; Impurities of Coals; Coal 
Washing; Sampling and Valuation of Coals, etc.; Chlorific 
Power of Fuels; History of Coke Manufacture; Develop- 
ments in Coke Oven Design; Recent Types of Coke Ovens; 
Mechanical Appliances at Coke Ovens; Chemical and Physi- 
cal Examination of Coke. Volume II covers By-products. 
Each volume is fully illustrated, with folding plates. 

Price, $3.00 per Tolnme 

COMPRESSED AIR 



Compressed Air in all Its Applications. 

By Gardner D._ Hiscox. This is the most complete book on 
the subject of air that has ever been issued, and its thirty-five 
chapters include about every phase of the subject one can 
think of. It may be called an encyclopedia of . compressed 
air. It is written by an expert, who, in its 665 pages, has 
dealt with the subject in a comprehensive manner, no phase 
of it being omitted. Over 500 illustrations. Fifth Edition, 
revised and enlarged. Cloth bound, $6.00. Half Morocco, 
revised and enlarged. Cloth bound. Price, $6.00 

CONCRETE 



Concrete Wall Forms. 

By A. A. Houghton. A new automatic wall clamp, is illus- 
trated with working drawings. Other types of wall forma, 
clamps, separators, etc., are also illustrated and explained. 

Price, 75 cents 



Concrete Floors and Sidewalks. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molds for molding squares, hex- 
agonal and many other styles of mosaic floor and sidewalk 
blocks are fully illustrated and explained. Price, 75 cents 

Practical Concrete Silo Construction. 

By A. A. HotjGHTON. Complete working drawings and speci- 
fications are given for several styles of concrete silos, with 
illustrations of molds for monolithic and block silos. The 
tables, data, and information presented in this book are 
of the utmost value in planning and constructing all forms 
of concrete silos. Price, 75 cents 

Molding Concrete Bath Tubs, Aquariums and 
Natatoriums. 

By A. A. Houghton. Simple molds and instruction are given 
for molding different styles of concrete bath tubs, swimming 
pools, etc. Price, 75 cents 

Molding Concrete Chimneys, Slate and Roof Tiles. 

By A. A. Houghton. The manufacture of all types of con- 
crete slate and roof tile is fully treated. Valuable data on 
all forms of reinforced concrete roofs are contained within 
its pages. The construction of concrete chimneys by block 
and monolithic systems is fully illustrated and described, 
A number of ornamental designs of chimney construction with 
molds are shown in this valuable treatise. 75 centl8> 

Molding and Curing Ornamental Concrete. 

By A. A. Houghton. The proper proportions of cement 
and aggregates for various finishes, also the methods of thor- 
oughly mixing and placing in the molds, are fully treated. 
An exhaustive treatise on this subject that every concrete 
worker will find of daily use and value. Price, 75 cents' 

Concrete Monuments, Mausoleums and Burial 
Vaults. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molding of concrete monuments 
to imitate the most expensive cut stone is explained in this 
treatise, with working drawings of easily built molds. Cutting 
inscriptions and designs is also fully treated. 75 cents 



Concrete Bridges, Culverts and Sewers. 

By A. A. Houghton. A number of ornamental concrete 
bridges with illustrations of molds are given. _A collapsible 
center of core for bridges, culverts and sewers is fully illus- 
trated with detailed instructions for building. 75 cents 

Constructing Concrete Porches. 

By A. A. Houghton. A number of designs with working 
drawings of molds are fully explained so any one can easily 
construct different styles of ornamental concrete porches 
without the purchasa of expensive molds. Price, 75 cents 

11 



Molding Concrete Flower Pots, Boxes, Jardi- 
nieres, Etc. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molds for producing many original 
designs of flower pots, ur»s, flower boxes, jardinieres, etc., 
are fully illustrated and explained, so the worker can easily 
construct and operate same. Price, 75 cents 

Molding Concrete Fountains and Lawn Orna- 
ments. 

By A. A. Houghton. The molding of a number of designs 
of lawn seats, curbing, hitching posts, pergolas, sun dials and 
Other forms of ornamental concrete, for the ornamentation 
of lawns and gardens, is fully illustrated and described. 75c. 

Concrete on the Farm and in the Shop. 

By H. CoLviN Campbell. This is a new book from cover 
to cover, illustrating and describing in plain, simple language 
many of the numerous appliances of concrete within the 
range of the home worker. Among the subjects treated are: 
Principles of reinforcing; methods of protecting concrete so 
as to insure proper hardening; home-made mixers; mixing 
by hand and machine; form construction, described and 
illustrated by drawings and photographs; construction of 
concrete walls and fences; concrete fence posts; concrete 
gate posts; corner posts; clothes line posts; grape arbor 
posts; tanks; troughs; cisterns: hog wallows; feeding floors 
and barnyard pavements; foundations; well curbs and plat- 
forms; indoor floors; sidewalks; steps; concrete hotbeds and 
cold frames; concrete slab roofs; walls for buildings; repairing 
leaks in tanks and cisterns; and all topics associated with 
these subjects as bearing upon securing the best results from 
concrete are dwelt upon at sufficient length in plain every-day 
English so that the inexperienced person desiring to under- 
take a piece of concrete construction can, by following the 
directions set forth in this book, secure 100 per cent success 
every time._ A number of convenient and practical tables 
for estimating quantities, and some practical examples, are 
also given. 150 pages, 51 illustrations. Price, $1.00 



Concrete From Sand Molds. 

By_A. A. HouGHTO^^. A practical work treating on a process 
whicti has heretofore been held as a trade secret by the 
few who possessed it, and which will successfully mold every 
and any class of ornamental concrete work. The process 
of molding concrete with sand molds is of the utmost practical 
value, possessing the manifold advantages of a low cost of 
molds, the ease and rapidity of operation, perfect details 
to all ornamental designs, _ density and increased strengtli 
of the concrete, perfect curing of the work without attention 
and the easy removal of the molds regardless of any under- 
cutting the design may have. 192 pages. Fullv illustrated. 
Cloth. Price, $2.00 

Ornamental Concrete Without Molds. 

By A. A. Houghton. The process for making ornamental 
concrete without molds has long been held as a secret, and 
now, for the first time, this process is given to the public. 
The book reveals the secret and is the only book published 

12 



which explains a simple, practical method whereby the con- 
crete worker is enabled, by employing wood and metal tem- 
plates of different designs, to mold or model in concrete 
any cornice, archivolt, column, pedestal, base cap, urn or 
pier in a monolithic form — right upon the job. These may 
be molded in units or blocks, and then built up to suit the 
specifications demanded. This work is fully illustrated, with 
detailed engravings. Cloth. Price, $2.<$9 

Popular Handbook for Cement and Concrete 
Users. 

By Myron H. Lewis. Everything of value to the concrete 
user is contained, including kinds of cement employed in 
construction, concrete architecture, inspection and testing, 
waterproofing, coloring and painting, rules tables, working 
and cost data._ The book comprises thirty-three chapters. A 
valuable addition to the library of every cement and concrete 
user. Cloth, 430 pages, 126 illustrations. Price, $3.00 

Waterproofing Concrete. 

By Myron H. Lewis. Modern methods of waterproofing 
concrete and other structures. A condensed statement of the 
principles, rules and precautions to be observed in water- 
proofing and damp-proofing structures and structural materials. 
Paper binding. Illustrated. Second Edition. 75 cents 



DIES— METAL WORK 

Dies; Their Construction and Use for the Modern 
Working of Sheet Metals. 

By J. V. WooDwoRTH. A new book by a practical man, for 
those who wish to know the latest practice in the working 
of sheet metals. It shows how dies are designed, made and 
used, and those who are engaged in this line of work can 
secure many valuable suggestions. Sixth revised edition. 525 
illustrations, 394 pages. Cloth. IPrice, $3.50 

Punches, Dies and Tools for Manufacturing in 
Presses. 

By J. V. WooDWORTH. An encyclopedia of die-making, 
punch-rnakmg, die-sinking, sheet-metal working, and making 
of special tools, subpresses, devices and mechanical combina- 
tions for punching, cutting, bending, forming, piercing, draw- 
ing, compressing, and assembling sheet-metal parts and also 
articles of other materials in machine tools. This is a dis- 
tinct work from the author's book entitled "Dies; Their 
Construction and Use." 500 pages, 700 engravings. Second 
edition. Cloth. Price, $4.50 

Drop Forging, Die-Sinking and Machine-Form- 
ing of Steel. 

By J. V.^ WooDWORTH. The processes of die-sinking and 
.orce-making, which are thoroughly described and illustrated 
in this admirable work, are rarely to be found explained in 
such a clear and concise manner as is here set forth The 
process of die-sinking i elates to the engraving or sinking 

J3 



of the female or lower dies, such as are used for drop 
forgings, hot and cold machine forging, swedging and the 
press working of metals. The process of force-making relates 
to the engraving or raising of the male or upper dies used 
in producing the lower dies for the press-forming and 
machine-forging of duplicate parts of metal. The book con- 
tains eleven chapters, and the information contained in these 
chapters is just what will prove most valuable to the forged- 
metal worker. 304 detailed illustrations. 341 pages, cloth. 

Price, $3.00 

DICTIONARIES 

Aviation Terms — English-French; French-Eng- 
lish. 

A complete glossary of practically all terms used in aviation, 
having lists in both French and English with equivalents in 
either language. A very valuable book compiled by Lieuts. 
Victor W. Page and Paul Montariol. Price, $1.00 

Standard Electrical Dictionary. 

By Peof. T. O'Conor Sloane. Just issued an entirely- 
new edition brought up to date and greatly enlarged — as a 
reference book this work is beyond comparison as it containr 
over 700 pages, nearly 500 illustrations, and definitions oi 
about 6,000 distinct words, terms and phrases. The defihi- 
tions are terse and concise and includes every term used 
in electrical science. 

In its arrangement and typography the book is very con- 
^venient. The word or term defined is printed in black faced 
type which readily catches the eye, while the body of the 
page is in smaller but distinct type. The definitions are well 
worded, and so as to be understood by the non-technical 
reader. The general plan is to give an exact, concise defini- 
tion, and then amplify and explain in a more popular way. 
Synonyms are also given, and references to other words 
and phrases are made. This work is absolutely indispensable 
to all in any way interested in electrical science, from the 
higher electrical expert to the everyday electrical workman. 
In fact, it should be in the possession of all who desire to 
keep abreast with the progress of this branch of science. 
1920 enlarged edition. Nearly 800 pages and nearly 400 
illustrations. Price, $5.00 



DRAWING— SKETCHING PAPER 



Linear Perspective Self-Taught. ' 

By Herman T. C. Kraus. This work gives the theory and | 
practice of linear perspective, as used in architectural, engi- 
neering and mechanical drawings. The arrangement of 
the book is good; the plate is on the left-hand, while the de- 
scriptive text follows on the opposite page, so as to be readily 
referred to. A self-explanatory linear perspective chart is 
included in the second revised edition. Cloth. Price, $3.00 

14 " I 



Self-Taught Mechanical Drawing and Elementary 
Machine Design. 

By F. L. Sylvester, M.E., Draftsman, with additions ty Erik 
Oberg, associate editor of "Machinery." A practical ele- 
mentary treatise on Mechanical Drawing and Machine De- 
sign, comprising the first principles of geometric and mechan- 
ical drawing, workshop mathematics, mechanics, strength of 
materials and the calculation and design of machine details, 
compiled for the use of practical mechanics and young drafts- 
men. 330 pages, 215 engravings, cloth. Price, $2.50 

A New Sketching Paper. 

A new specially ruled paper to enable you to make sketches 
or drawings in isometric perspective without any figuring or 
fussing. It is being used for shop details as well as for 
assembly drawings, as it makes one sketch do the work of 
three, and no workman can help seeing just what is wanted. 
Pads of 40 sheets, 6x9 inches. Price, 25c. ; 9 x 12 inches, 
Price, 50c.; 12x18 inches, Price, $1.00. 

Practical Perspective. 

By Richards and Colvin. _ Shows just how to make all kiiids 
of mechanical drawings in the only practical perspective 
isometric. Makes everything plain so that any mechanic can 
understand a sketch or drawing in this way. Saves_ time in 
the drawing room and mistakes in the shops. Contains prac- 
tical examples oi various classes of work. Third edition. 
Limp cloth. Price, 75 cents 

ELECTRICITY 



Arithmetic of Electricity. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. A practical treatise on elec- 
trical calculations of all kinds reduced to a series of rules, 
all of the simplest forms, and involving only ordinary arith- 
metic; each rule illustrated by one or more practical problems 
with detailed solution of each one. This book is classed 
among the most useful works published on the science of 
electricity, covering as it does the mathematics of electricity 
in a manner that will attract the attention of those who are 
not familiar with algebraical formulas. 200 pages. 1920 
Revised and Enlarged edition. Price, $1.50 

Dynamo Building for Amateurs, or How to Con- 
struct a Fifty Watt Dynamo. 

By Arthur J. Weed. A practical treatise showing in detail 
the construction of a small dynamo or motor, the entire 
machine work of which can be done on a small foot lathe. 
Dimensioned working drawings are given for each piece of 
machine work, and each operation is clearly described. This 
machine, when used as a dynamo, has an output of fifty 
watts; when used as a motor it will drive a small drill press 
or lathe. It can be used to drive a sewing machine on any 
and all ordinary work. The book is illustrated with more 
than sixty original engravings showing the actual construction 
of the different parts. Price, Cloth, $1.00 

15 



Electric Bells. 

By M. B. Sleeper. A complete treatise for the practical 
worker in installing, operating and testing bell circuits, 
burglar alarms, thermostats and other apparatus used with 
electric bells. Both the electrician and the experimenter will 
find in this book new material which is essential in their 
work. Tools, bells, batteries, unusual circuits, burglar alarms, 
annunciators, systems, thermostats, circuit breakers, time 
alarms, and other apparatus used in bell _ circuits are de- 
scribed from the standpoints of their application, construc- 
tion, and repair. The detailed instructions for building the 
apparatus will appeal to the experimenter particularly. The 
practical worker will find the chapters on Wiring Calculation 
of Wire Sizes and Magnet Windings, Upkeep of Systeins 
and the Location of Faults of the greatest value in their 
work. 124 pages. Fully illustrated. Price, 75 cents. 

Commutator Construction 

By Wm. Baxter, Jr. The business end of dynamo or motor 
of the direct current type is the commutator. This book goes 
into the designing, building and maintenance of commutators, 
shows how to locate troubles and how to remedy them; 
everyone who fusses with dynamos needs this. Fotirth edi- 
tion. Price, 35 cents. 

Dynamos and Electric Motors and All About 
Them. 

By Edward Trevert. This volume gives practical directions 
for building a two H. P. Dynamo of the Edison type capable 
of lighting about fifty mazda lamps of the 20 watt size. In 
addition, it gives directions for building two small electric 
motors suitable for running sewing machines. The concluding 
chapter describes the construction of a simple bichromate 
battery adapted for running electric motors. 96 pages. Fully 
illustrated with detail drawings. Cloth. Price, $1.00. 

Construction of a Transatlantic Wireless Receiv- 
ing Set. 

By L. G. Pacent and T. S. Curtis. A work for the Radio 
student who desires to construct and operate apparatus that 
will permit of the reception of messages from the large 
stations in Europe with an aerial of amateur proportions. 36 
pages. 23 illustrations, cloth. Price, 35 cents. 

Electric Toy Making, Dynamo Building and 
Electric Motor Construction. 

This work treats of the making at home of electrical toy*, 
electrical apparatus, motors, dynamos and instruments in 
general and is designed to bring within the reach of young 
and old the manufacture of genuine and useful electrical 
appliances. 210 pages, cloth. Fully illustrated. Twentieth 
edition, enlarged. Price, $1.50 

Experimental High Frequency Apparatus, How 

to Make and Use It. 
By Thomas Stanley Curtis. 69 pages, illustrated. 

Price, 50 cents. 

16 



Electrician's Handy Book, 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. _ This work has just teen 
revised and much enlarged. It is intended for the practical 
electrician who has to make things go. The entire field of 
electricity is covered within its pages. It is a work of the 
most modern practice, written in a clear, comprehensive 
manner, and covers the subject thoroughly, beginning at the 
A B C of the subject, and gradually takes you to the more 
advanced branches of the science. It teaches you just what 
you should know about electricity. A practical work for the 
practical man. Contains forty-eight chapters. 

The publishers consider themselves fortunate in having 
secured the services of such a well and favorably known 
writer as Prof. Sloane, who has with the greatest care com- 
pleted a master work in concise form on this all important 
subject. 600 engravings, 840 pages, handsomely bound in 
cloth. 1920 Edition. Frice, $4.00 

Electricity Simplified. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. The object of 'Electricity 
Simplified" is to make the subject as plain as possible and 
to show what the modern conception of electricity is; to 
show how two plates of different metals immersed in acid 
can send a message around the globe; to explain how a 
bundle of copper wire rotated by a steam engine can be the 
agent in lighting our streets, to tell what the volt, ohm and 
ampere are, and what high and low tension mean; and to 
answer the questions that perpetually arise in the mind in 
this age of electricity. 172 pages. Illustrated. Thirteenth 
edition. Cloth. Price. $1.50 

Electric Wiring, Diagrams and Switchboards. 

By Newton Harrison, with additions by Thomas Poppe. 
This is the only complete work issued showing and telling 
you what you should know about direct and alternating cur- 
rent wiring. The work is free from advanced technicalities 
and mathematics, arithmetic being used throughout. It is in 
every respect a handy, well-written, instructive, comprehen- 
sive volume on wiring, for the wireman, foreman, contractor 
or electrician. Third revised edition. 303 pages, 130 illus- 
trations. Cloth. Price, $2.50 

House Wiring.^ 

By Thomas W. Poppe. Describing and illustrating up-to-date 
methods of installing electric light wiring. Contains just the 
information needed for successful wiring of a building. 
Fully illustrated with diagrams and plans. It solves all wiring 
problems and contains nothing that conflicts with the rulings 
of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. Third edition 
revised and enlarged. 125 pages, fully illustrated, flexible 
cloth. Price, 75 cents 

High Frequency Apparatus, Its Construction and 
Practical Application. 

By Thomas Stanley Curtis. The most comprehensive and 
thorough work on this interesting subject ever produced. 
The book is essentially practical in its treatment and it con- 
stitutes an accurate record of the researches of its author 
over a period of several years, during which time dozens of 
coils were built and experimented with. New revised and 
enlarged 1920 edition. 275 pages. Price, $3.00 

17 



How to Become a Successful Electrician. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. An interesting book from 
cover to cover. Telling in simplest language the surest and 
easiest way to become a successful electrician. The studies 
to be followed, methods of work, field of operation and the 
requirements of the successful electrician are pointed out and 
fully explained. 202 pages. Illustrated. Eighteenth revised 
edition. Cloth. Price, $1.50 

Standard Electrical Dictionary. 

By Prof. T. O'Conor Sloane. Just issued an entirely new 
edition brought up to date and greatly erlarged — as a refer- 
ence book this work is beyond comparison as it contains over 
700 pages, nearly 500 illustrations, and definitions of about 
6,000 distinct words, terms and phrases. The definitions are 
terse and concise and includes every term used in electrical 
science. 

In its arrangement and typography the book is very con- 
venient. The word or term defined is printed in black faced 
type which readily catches the eye, while the body of the 
page is in smaller but distinct type. The definitions are well 
■worded, and so as to be understood by the non-technical 
reader. The general plan is to give an exact, concise defini- 
tion, and then amplify and explain in a more popular way. 
Synonyms are also given, and references to other words and 
phrases are made. This work is absolutely indispensable to 
all in any way interested in electrical science, from the 
higher electrical expert to the everyday electrical workman. 
In fact, it should be in the possession of all who desire to keep 
abreast with the progress of this branch of science. 1920 
enlarged edition. Nearly 800 pages. 400 illustrations. 

Price, $5.00 

Storage Batteries Simplified. 

By Victor W. Pag^. M.S.A.E. This is the most thorough 
and authoritative treatise ever published on this subject. It 
is written in easily understandable, non-technical language so 
that any one may grasp the basic principles of storage bat- 
tery action as well as their practical industrial applications. 
All electric and gasoline automobiles use storage batteries. 
Every automobile repairman, dealer or salesman should have 
a good knowledge of maintenance and repair of these im- 
portant elements of the motor car mechanism. This book 
not only tells how to charge, care for and rebuild storage 
batteries but also outlines all the industrial uses. Learn 
how they run street cars, locomotives and factory trucks. 
Get an understanding of the important functions they per- 
form in submarine boats, isolated lighting plants, railway 
switch and signal systems, marine applications, etc. This 
book tells how they are used in centr>al station standby ser- 
vice, for starting automobile motors and in ignition systems. 
Every practical use of the modern storage battery is out- 
lined in this treatise. 208 pages, fully illustrated. 

Price, $3.00 

Wiring a House. 

By Herbert Pratt. Shows a house already built; tells JHst 
how to start about wiring it; where to begin; what wire to 
use; how to run it according to insurance rules; in fact, just 
the information you need. Directions apply equally to a 
shop. Fourth edition. Price, 35 cents 

18 



Switchboards. 

By William Baxter, Jr. This book appeals to every engi- 
neer and electrician who wants to know the practical side 
of things. All sorts and conditions of dynamos, connections 
and circuits are shown by diagram and illustrate just how 
the switchboard should be connected. Includes direct and 
alternating current boards, also those for arc lighting, incan- 
descent and power circuits. Special treatment on high voltage 
boards for power transmission. Second edition. 190 pages. 
Illustrated. Price, $2.00 

Telephone Construction, Installation, Wiring, 
Operation and Maintenance. 

By W. H. Radcliffe and H. C. Gushing. This book gives 
the principles of construction and operation of both the 
Bell and Independent instruments; approved methods of 
installing and wiring them; the means of protecting them 
from lightning and abnormal currents; their ^ connection to- 
gether for operation as series or bridging stations; and rules 
for their inspection and maintenance. Line wiring and the 
wiring and operation of special telephone systems are also 
treated. 224 pages, 132 illustrations. Second revised edition. 

Price, $1.50 

Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Simply Ex- 
plained. 

By Alfred P. Morgan. This is undoubtedly one of the 
most complete and comprehensive treatises on the subject- 
ever published, and a close study of its pages will enabW 
one to master all the details of the wireless transmission of 
messages. The author has filled a long-felt want and has 
succeeded in furnishing a lucid, comprehensible explanation 
in simple language of the theory and practise of wireless 
telegraphy and telephony. Third edition. 154 pages, 156 
engravings. Price, $1.50 

Radio Time Signal Receiver. 

By Austin C. Lescarboura. This new book, "A Radio Time 
Signal Receiver," tells you how to build a simple outfit de- 
signed expressly for the beginner. You can build the out- 
fits in your own workshop and install them for jewelers 
either on a one-payment or a rental basis. The apparatus 
is of such simple design that it may be made by the average 
amateur mechanic possessing a few ordinary tools. 42 pages. 
Paper. Price, 35 cents 

Experimental Wireless Stations. 

By P. E. Edelman. The theory, design, construction and 
operation is fully treated including Wireless Telephony, 
Vacuum Tube, and quenched spark systems. The new en- 
larged 1920 edition is just issued and is strictly up to date, 
correct and complete. This book tells how to make apparatus 
to not only hear all telephoned radio messages, but also how 
to make simple equipment that works for transmission over 
reasonably long distances. Then there is a host of new in- 
formation included. The first and only book to give you 
all the recent important radio improvements, some of which 
have never before been published. 24 chapters. 167 illustra- 
tions. Price, $2.50 

19 



FUEL 



Combustion of Coal and the Prevention of Smoke. 

By Wm. M. Barr. This book has been prepared with special 
reference to the generation of heat by the combustion of 
the commo-n fuels found in the United States, and deals 
particularly with the conditions necessary to the economic 
and smokeless combustion of bituminous coals in stationary 
and locomotive steam boilers. The presentation of this 
important subject is systematic and progressive. The arrange- 
ment of the book is in a series of practical questions, to 
which are appended accurate answers, which describe in 
language, free from technicalities, the Ee"/eral processes in- 
volved in the furnace combustion of American fuels ;^ it 
clearly states the essential requisites for perfect combustion, 
and points out the best methods for furnace construction for 
obtaining the greatest quantity of heat from any given quality 
of coal. Nearly 350 pages, fully illustrated. Fifth edition. 

Price, $1.50 

Smoke Prevention and Fuel Economy. 

By Booth and Kershaw. As the title indicates, this book 
of 197 pages and 75 illustrations deals with the problem of 
complete combustion, which_ it treats from the chemical and 
mechanical standpoints,, besides pointing out the economical 
and humanitarian aspects of the question. Price, $3.00 

GAS ENGINES AND GAS 



Gas, Gasoline and Oil Engines. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. Revised by Victor W. Pag^. Just 
issued new, revised and enlarged edition. Every user of a 
gas engme needs this book. Simple, instructive and right 
vp-to-date. The only complete work on the subject. Tells all 
about internal combustion engineering, treating exhaustively 
en the design, construction and practical application of all 
forms of gas, gasoline, kerosene and crude petroleum-oil 
engines. Describes minutely _ all auxiliary systems, such as 
lubrication, carburetion and ignition. Considers the theory 
and management of all forms of explosive motors for sta- 
tionary and marine work, automobiles, aeroplanes and motor- 
cycles. Includes also Producer Gas and Its Production. 
Invaluable instructions for all students, gas-engine owners, 
gas-engineers, patent experts, designers, mechanics, drafts- 
men and all having to do with the rnodern power. Illustrated 
by over 400 engravings, many specially made from engineer- 
ing drawings, all in correct proportion. Nearly 700 octavo 
pages and 500 engravings. Price, net, $3.00 



Gasoline Engines : Their Operation, Use and Care. 

By A. Hyatt Verrill. A comprehensive, simple and prac- ! 
tical work, treatingof gasoline_ engines^ for stationary, marine ' 
or vehicle use ;_ their construction, design, management, care, 
operation, repair, installation and troubles. A complete glos- 
sary of technical terms and an alphabetically arranged table 
of troubles and symptoms form a most valuable and unique 
feature of the book. 5j4x7^. Cloth. 275 pages, 152 illus- 
trations. Price, $2.00 

20 



Gas Engine Construction. 

Or How to Build a Ilalf-Horse-power Gas Engine. By 
Pa-esell and Weed. A practical treatise describing the theory 
and principles of the action of gas engines of various types, 
and the design and construction of a half-horse-power gas 
engine, with illustrations of the work in actual progress, 
together with dimensioned working drawings giving clearly 
the sizes of the various details. 300 pages. Third edition. 
Cloth. Price, $3.00 

Chemistry of Gas Manufacture. 

By H. M. RoYLES. This book covers points likely to arise in 
the ordinary course of the duties of the engineer or manager 
of a gas works not large enough to necessitate the employment 
of a separate chemical staff. It treats of the testing of the 
raw materials employed in the manufacture of illuminating 
coal gas and of the gas produced. The preparation of 
standard solutions is given as well as the chemical and physi- 
cal examination of gas coal. Sj^xSJ^- Cloth. 328 pages, 
82 illustrations, 1 colored plate. Price, $5.00 

Modern Gas Engines and Producer Gas Plants. 

By R. E. Mathot, M.E. A practical treatise of 320 pages, 
fully illustrated by 175 detailed illustrations, setting forth 
the principles of gas engines and producer design, the selec- 
tion and installation of an engine, conditions of perfect 
operation, prodticer-gas engines and their possibilities, the 
care of gas engines and producer-gas plants, with a chapter 
on volatile hydrocarbon and oil engines. This book has been 
endorsed by Dugal Clerk as a most useful work for all inter- 
ested in gas engine installation and producer gas. $3.00 



The Gasoline Engine on the Farm: Its Operation, 
Repair and Uses. 

By Xeno W. Putnam. A useful and practical treatise on 
the modern gasoline and kerosene engine, its construction, 
management, repair and the many uses to which it can be 
applied in present-day farm life. It considers all the various 
household, shop and field uses of this up-to-date motor and 
includes chapters on engine installation, power transmission 
and the best arrangement of the power plant in reference 
to the work. SJ4x7J^. Cloth. 527 pages, 179 illustra- 
tions. Price, $3.00 

How to Run and Install Two- and Four-Cycle 
Marine, Gasoline Engines. 

By C. VoN CuLiN. New revised and enlarged edition just 
issued. The object of this little book is to furnish a pocket 
instructor for the beginner, the busy man who uses an engine 
for pleasure or profit, but who does not have the time or 
inclination for a technical book, but simply to thoroughly 
understand how to properly operate, install and care for his 
own engine. The index refers to each trouble, remedy and 
subject alphabetically. Being a quick reference to find the 
cause, remedy and prevention for troubles, and to become 
an expert with his own engine. Pocket size. Paper binding. 
^ Price, 25 centa 

21 



Modern Gas Tractor, Its Construction, Utility, 
Operation and Repair. 

By Victor W. Page. Treats exhaustively on the design and 
construction of farm tractors and tractor power-plants, and 
gives complete instructions on their care, operation and re- 
pair. All types and sizes of gasoline, kerosene and oil 
tractory are described, and every phase of traction engineer- 
ing practice fully covered. Invaluable to all desiring re- 
liable information on gas motor propelled traction engines 
and their use. Second edition revised by much additional 
matter. SVixTl^. Cloth, 504 pages, 228 illustrations. 3 
folding plates. Price, $3.00 

GEARING AND CAMS 



Bevel Gear Tables. 

By D. Ag. Engstrom. No one who has to do with bevel 
gears in any way should be without this book. The designer 
and draftsman will find it a great convenience, while to 
the machinist who turns up the blanks or cuts the teeth it 
is invaluable, as all needed dimensions are given and no 
fancy figuring need be done. Third edition. Cloth. $1.50 

Change Gear Devices. 

By Oscar E. Perrigo. A book for every designer, draftsman 
and mechanic who is interested in feed changes for any kind 
of machines. This shows what has been done and how. 
Gives plans, patents and all information that you need. Saves 
hunting through patent records and reinventing old ideas. 
A standard work of reference. Third edition. $1.50 

Drafting of Cams. 

By Louis Rouillion. The laying out of cams is a serious 
problem unless you know how to go at it right. This puts 
you on the right road for practically any kind of cam you 
are likely to run up against. Third edition. 35 cents 

HYDRAULICS 



Hydraulic Engineering. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. A treatise on the properties, power, 
and resources of water for all purposes. _ Including the meas- 
urements of streams; the flow of water in pipes or conduits; 
the horse-power of falling water; turbine and impact water- 
wheels; wave-motors, centrifugal, reciprocating and air-lift 
pumps. With 300 figures and diagrams and 36 practical 

t^Moc ■ion non^sc T>lH.>.>. JG/t.KA 



Price, $4.50 



ICE AND REFRIGERATION 

Pocketbook of Refrigeration and Ice Making. 

By A. J. Wallis-Taylor. This is one of the latest and 
most ojmprehensive reference books published on the subject 
of refrigeration and cold storage. It explains the properties 

22 



and refrigerating effect of the different fluids in -use, tha 
management of refrigerating machinery and the contsruction 
and insulation of cold rooms with their required pipe surface 
for different degrees of cold; freezing mixtures and non- 
freezing brines, temperatures of cold rooms for all kinds of 
provisions, cold storage charges for all classes of goods, ice 
making and storage of ice, data and memoranda for constant 
reference by refrigerating engineers, with nearly one hundred 
tables containing valuable references to every fact and con- 
dition required in the installment and operation of a refriger- 
ating plant. New edition just published. Price, $3.00 



INVENTIONS— PATENTS 
Inventor's Manual, How to Make a Patent Pay. 

This is a book designed as a guide to inventors in perfecting 
their inventions, taking out their patents, and disposing of 
them. It is not in any sense a Patent Solicitor's circular nor 
a Patent Broker's advertisement. No advertisements of any 
description appear in the work. It is a book containing a 
quarter of a century's experience of a successful inventor, 
together with notes based upon the experience of many other 
inventors. Revised and enlarged second edition. Nearly 150 
pages. Illustrated. Price $1.3S 

KNOTS 



Knots, Splices and Rope Work. 

By A. Hyatt Verrill. This is a practical book jiving com- 
plete and simple directions for making all the most useful and 
ornamental knots in common use, with chapters on Splicing, 
Pointing, Seizing, Serving, etc. This book is fully illustrated 
with 154 original engravings, which show how each knot, 
tie or splice is formed, and its appearance when finished. 
The book will be found of the greatest value to campers, 
yachtsmen, travelers or Boy Scouts, in fact, to anyone having 
occasion to use or handle rope or knots for any purpose. 
The book^ is thoroughly reliable and practical, and is not 
only a guide but a teacher. It is the standard work on the 
subject. Second edition revised. 12S pages, 154 original 
engravings. Price, |l.00 

LATHE WORK 



Complete Practical Machinist. 

By Joshua Rose. The new, twentieth revised and enlarged 
edition is now ready. This is one of the best-known books 
on machine-shop work, and written for the practical work- 
man in the language of the workshop. It gives full, practi- 
cal intsructions on the use of all kinds of metal-working tools, 
both hand and machine, and tells how the work should be 
properly done. It covers lathe work, vise work, drills and 
drilling, taps and dies, hardening and tempering, the making 
and use of tools, tool grinding, marking out work, machine 
tools, etc. No machinist's library is complete without this 
volume. 547 pages, 432 illustrations. (1920.) Price $3.00 



The Lathe — Its Design, Construction and Opera, 
^tion, With Practical Examples of Lathe Work. 

By Oscar E. Perrigo. A new revised edition, and the only 
complete American work on the subject, written by a man 
who knows not only how work ought to be done, but who 
also knows how to do it, and how to convey this knowledge 
to others. It is strictly up-to-date in its descriptions and 
illustrations. Lathe history and the relations of the lathe 
to manufacturing are given; also a description of the various 
devices for feeds and thread cutting mechanisms from early 
efforts in this direction to the present time. Lathe design is 
thoroughly discussed, including back gearing, driving cones, 
thread-cutting gears, and all the essential element of the 
modern lathe. The classification of lathes is taken up, giving 
the essential differences of the several types of lathes includ- 
ing, as is usually understood, engine lathes, bench lathes, 
speed lathes, forge lathes, gap lathes, pulley lathes, forming 
lathes, multiple-spindle lathes, rapid-reduction lathes, precision 
lathes, turret lathes, special lathes, electrically-driven lathes, 
etc. In_ addition to the complete exposition on construction 
and design, much practical matter on lathe installation, care 
and operation has lieen incorporated in the enlarged new edi- 
tion. All kinds of lathe attachments for drilling, milling, 
etc., are described and complete instructions are given to 
enable the novice machinist to grasp the art of lathe oper- 
ation as well as the principles involved in design. A number 
of difficult machining operations are described at length and 
illustrated. The new edition has nearly SCO pages and 350 
illustrations. Trice, $3.00 



Turning and Boring Tapers. 

By Fred H. Colvin. There are two ways to turn tapers; 
the right way and one other. This treatise has to do with 
the right way; it tells you how to start the work properly, 
how to set the lathe, what tools to use and how to use them, 
and forty' and one other little things that you should follow. 
Fourth edition. Price, 35 cents 

LIQUID AIR 

Liquid Air and the Liquefaction of Gases. 

By T. O'Conor Sloane. The third revised edition of this 
book has just been issued. Much new material is added 
to it; and the all important uses of liquid air and gas pro- 
cesses in modern industry, in the production especially of 
nitrogen compounds, are described. The book gives the his- 
tory of the theory, discovery, and manufacture of Liquid 
Air, and contains an illustrated description of all the ex- 
periments that have excited the wonder of audiences all over 
the country. It shows how liquid air, like water, is car- 
ried hundreds of miles and is handled in open buckets. It 
tells what may be expected from it in the near future. A 
book that renders simple one of the most perplexng chemical 
problems of the century. Startling developments illustrated 
by actual experiments. It is not only a work of scientific 
interest and authority, but is intended for the general read- 
er, being written in a popular style — easily understood by 
■everyone. 400 pages fully illustrated. (1920.) Price, $3.00 

24 



LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING 



Air-Brake Catechism. 

By Robert H. Blackall. This book is a standard text boofc. 
It is the only practical and complete work published. Treats 
on the equipment manufactured by the Westinghouse Air 
Brake Company, including the E-T Locomotive Brake Equip- 
ment, the K (Quick-Service) Triple Valve for freight ser- 
vice; the L High Speed Triple Valve; the P-C Passenger 
Brake Equipment, and the Cross Compound Pump. The 
operation of all parts of the apparatus is explained in detail 
and a practical way of locating their peculiarities and rem- 
edying their defects is given. Endorsed and used by air- 
brake instructors and examiners on nearly every railroad 
in the United States. Twenty-sixth edition. 411 pages, fully 
illustrated with folding] plates and diagrams, New edition. 

Price, $2.50 

Application of Highly Superheated Steam to 
Locomotives. 

By Robert Garbe. A practical book which cannot be recom- 
merded too highly to those motive-power men who are 
anxious to maintain the highest efficiency in their locomo- 
tives. Contains special chapters on Generation of Highly 
buperheated Steam; Superheated Steam and the Two-Cylinder 
bimple Engine; Compounding and Superheating; Designs of 
Locomotive Superheaters; Constructive Details of Locomo- 
tives Using Highly Superheated Steam. Experimental and 
Working Results. Illustrated with folding plates and tables 
^i°^o. Price, $3.00 

Combustion of Coal and the Prevention of Smoke. 

By Wm. M. Barr. To be a success a fireman must be "Light 
on Coal." He must keep his fire in good condition, and 
prevent, as far as possible, the smoke nuisance. To do this 
he should know how coal burns, how smoke is formed and 
the proper burning of fuel to obtain the best results. He 
can learn this, and more too, from Barr's "Combustion of 
Coal." ->It is an absolute authority on all questions relating 
to the firing of a locomotive. Fifth edition. Nearly 350 
pages, fully illustrated. Price, $1.50 

Diary of a Round-House Foreman. 

By T. S. Reilly. This is the greatest book of railroad experi- 
ences ever published. Containing a fund of information and 
suggestions along the line of handling men, organizing, etc., 
that one cannot afford to miss. 176 pages. Price, $1.25 

Link Motions, Valves and Valve Setting. 

Bv Fred H. Colvin, Associate Editor of "American Machin- 
ist." A handy book that clears up the mysteries of valve 
setting. Shows the different valve gears in use, how they 
workj and why. Piston and slide valves of different types 
are illustrated and explained. A book that every railroad 
man in the motive-power department ou^ht to have. Fully 
illustrated. New revised and enlarged edition just published. 

Price, 75 cents 

25 



Itorain Rule Examinations Made E:isy. 

By G. E. CoLLiNGWooD. This is the only practical work on 
train rules in print. Every detail is covered, and puzzling 
points are explained in simple, comprehensive language, mak- 
ing it a practical treatise for the train dispatcher, engine- 
man, trainman and all others who have to do with the move- 
ments of trains. Contains complete and' reliable information 
of the Standard Code of Train Rules for'single track. Shows 
signals in colors, as used on the different roads. Explains 
fully the practical application of train orders, giving a clear 
and definite understanding of all orders which may be used. 
Second edition revised. 256 pages. Fully illustrated with 
train signals in colors. Price, $1.50 

Locomotive Boiler Construction. 

By Frank A. Kleinhans. The only book showing how loco- 
motive boilers are built in modern shops. Shows all types o£ 
boilers used; gives details of construction; practical facts, 
such as life of riveting punches and dies, work done per 
day, allowance for bending and flanging sheets and other 
data that means dollars to any railroad man. Second editioiK 
451 pages, 334 illustrations. Six folding plates. Cloth. 

Price, $3.50 

Locomotive Breakdowns and Their Remedies. 

By Geo. L. Fowler. Revised by Wm. W. Wood, Air-Brake 
Instructor. Pocket edition. It is out of the question to try 
and tell you about every subject that is covered in this 
pocket edition of Locomotive Breakdowns. Just imagine 
all the common troubles that an engineer may expect to 
happen some time, and then add all of the unexpected ones, 
troubles that could occur, but that you had never thought 
about, and you will find that they are all treated with the 
very best methods of repair. Walschaert Locomotive Valve 
Gear Troubles, Electric Headlight Troubles, as well as Ques- 
tions and Answers on the Air Brake, are all included. Eighth 
edition. 294 pages. Fully illustrated. Price, $1.50 

Locomotive Catechism. 

By Robert Grimshaw. Twenty-eighth revised and enlarged 
edition. This may well be called an encyclopedia of the 
locomotive. Contains over 4,000 examination questions with 
their answers, including among them those asked at the first, 
second and third year's examinations. 825 pages, 437 illus- 
trations and 3 folding plates. Price, $2.50 

iWestinghouse E. T. Air-Brake Instruction Pocket- 
book Catechism. 

By Wm. W. Wood, Air-Brake Instructor. A practical work 
containing examination questions and answers on the E. T. 
Equipment. Covering what the E. T. Brake is. How it 
should be operated. What to do when defective. Not a 
question can be asked of the engineman up for promotion 
on either the No. 5 or the No. 6 E. T. equipment that is not 
asked and answered in the book. If you want to thoroughly 
understand the E. T. equipment get a copy of this book. _ It 
covers every detail. Makes air-brake troubles and examina- 
tions easy. Fully illustrated with colored plates, showing 
various pressures. Cloth. (1920.) Price, 99.B0 

26 



Practical instructor and Reference Book for 
Locomotive Firemen and Engineers. 

By Chas. F. Lockhart. An entirely new book on the loco- 
motive. It appeals to every railroad man, as it tells him how 
things are done and the right way to do them. _ Written by 
a man who has had years of practical experience in locomotive 
shops and on the road firing and running. The information 
given in this book cannot be found in any other similar 
treatise. Eight hundred and fifty-one questions with their 
answers are included, which_ will prove specially helpful to 
those preparing for examination. 368 pages, 88 illustrations. 
Cloth. Price, $2.00 

Prevention of Railroad Accidents, or Safety in 
Railroading. 

By George Bradshaw. This book is a heart-to-heart talk 
with railroad employees, dealing with facts, not theories^ and 
showing the men in the ranks, from every-day experience, 
how accidents occur and how they may be avoided. The 
book is illustrated with seventy original photographs and 
drawings showing the safe and unsafe methods of work. No 
visionary schemes, no ideal pictures. Just plain facts and 
practical suggestions are given. Every railroad employee 
who reads the book is a better and safer man to have in 
railroad service. It gives just the information which will be 
the means of preventing many injuries and deaths. All 
railroad employees should procure a copy; read it, and do 
their part in preventing accidents. 159 pages. Pocket size. 
Fully illustrated. Price, 50 cent* 

Walschaert Locomotive Valve Gear. 

By Wm. W. Wood. If you would thoroughly understand 
the Walschaert Valve Gear, you should possess a copy of 
this book. The author divides the subject into four divisions, 
as follows: I. Analysis of the gear. II. Designing and 
erection of the gear. III. Advantages of the gear. IV. Ques- 
tions and answers relating to the Walschaert Valve Gear. 
This book is specially valuable to those preparing for pro- 
motion. Third edition. 245 pages. Fully illustrated. Cloth. 

Price, $2.59 



MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE 



Modern Machine Shop Construction, Equipment 
and Management. 

By Oscar E. Perrigo. The only work published that describes 
the Modern Machine Shop or Manufacturing Plant from the 
time the grass is growing on the site intended for it until the 
finished product is shipped. Just the book needed by those 
contemplating the erection of modern shop buildings, the 
rebuilding and reorganization of old ones or the introduction 
of Modern Sht,p Methods, Time and Cost Systems. It is a 
book written and illustrated by a practical shop man for 
practical shop men who are too busy to read theories and 
want facts. It is the most complete all-around book of its 
kind ever published. Second edition, 384 pages, 219 original 
and specially-made illustrations. Price, $5.00 

27 



EVERY PRACTICAL MAN NEEDS 

A MAGAZINE -WHICH "WILL TELL HIM 
HOW TO MAKE AND DO THINGS 



HAVE US ENTER YOUR SUBSCRIPTION 

to the best mechanical magazine on the market. 
Only Two Dollars a year for twelve numbers. Sub- 
scribe to-day to 



EVERYDAY ENGINEERING 



A monthly magazine devoted to practical mechanics for 
everyday men. Its aim is to popularize engineering as a 
science, teaching the elements of applied mechanics and 
electricity in a straightforward and understandable manner. 
The magazine maintains its own experimental laboratory, 
where the devices described in articles submitted to the 
Editor are first tried out and tested before they are pub- 
lished. This important innovation places the standard of 
the published material very high, and it insures accuracy 
and dependability.^ 

The magazine is the only one in this country that spe- 
cializes in practical model building. Articles in past issues 
have given comprehensive designs for many model boats, 
including submarines and chasers, model steam and gasoline 
engines, electric motors and generators, etc., etc. This 
feature is a permanent one in the magazine. 

Another popular department is that devoted to automobiles 
and airplanes. Care, maintenance, and operation receive 
full and authoritative treatment. Every article is written 
from the practical, everyday man standpoint, rather than, 
from that of the professional. 

The magazine entertains_ while it instructs. It is a journal 
of practical, dependable information, given in a style that 
it may be readily assimilated and applied by the man with 
little or no technical training. The aim is to place before 
the man who leans toward practical mechanics a series of 
concise, crisp^ readable talks on what is going on and how 
it is done. These articles are profusely illustrated with, 
clear, snappy photographs, specially posed to illustrate the 
subject in the magazine's own studio by its own staff of 
technically-trained illustrators and editors. 
The subscription price of tlie magazine Is two dollars per 
year in U. S., two dollars and twenty-live cents in Canada 
and three dollars in foreign countries. Sample copy sent oa 
receipt of twenty cents. 

28 



Machine Shop Arithmetic. 

By Colvin-Cheney. Most popular book for shop men. 
Shows how all shop problems are worked out and "why." 
Includes change gears for cutting any threads; drills, taps, 
shink and force fits; metric system of measurements and 
threads. Used by all classes of mechanics and for instruction 
in Y. M. C. A. and other schools. Seventh edition. 131 
pages. Price, 75 cents. 

Abrasives and Abrasive Wheels. 

By Fred B. Jacobs. A new book for everyone interested in 
abrasives or grinding. A careful reading of the book will 
not only make mechanics better able to use abrasives intel- 
ligently, bu*- '.t will also tell the shop superintendent of 
many shot', cuts and efficiency-increasing kinks. The econ- 
omic advantage in using large grinding wheels are fully 
explained, together with many other things that will tend to 
give the superintendent or workman a keen insight into 
abrasive engineering.- 340 pages, 200 illustrations. This is 
an indispensable book for every machinist. Price, $3.00 

American Tool Making and Interchangeable 
Manufacturing. 

By J. V. WooDWORTH. In its 500-odd pages the one subject 
Only, Tool Making, and whatever relates thereto, is dealt with. 
The work stands without a rival. It is a complete practical 
treatise on the art of American Tool Making and system of 
interchangeable manufacturing as carried on to-day in the 
.United States. In it are described and illustrated all of the 
different types and classes of small tools, fixtures, devices 
and special, appliances which are in general use in all ma- 
chine-manufacturing and metal-working establishments where 
economy, capacity and interchangeability in the production 
of machined metal parts are imperative. The science of jig 
making is exhaustively discussed, and particular attention 
is paid to drill jigs, boring, profiling and milling fixtures 
and other devices in which the parts to be machined are 
located and fastened within _ the contrivances. All of the 
tools, fixtures and devices illustrated and described have 
been or are used for the actual production of work, such 
as parts of drill presses, lathes, patented machinery, type- 
writers, electrical apparatus, mechanical appliances, brass 
goods, composition parts, mould products, sheet metal arti- 
cles, drop forgings, jewelry, watches, medals, coins, etc. 
Second edition. 531 pages. Price, $4.50 

Henley's Encyclopedia of Practical Engineering 
and AUied Trades. 

Edited by Joseph G. Horner, A.M.I.Mech.E. This book 
covers the entire practice of Civil and Mechanical Engineer- 
ing. The best known experts in all branches of engineering 
have contributed to these volumes. The Cyclopedia is admir- 
^.bly well adapted to the needs of the beginner and the self- 
taught practical man, as well as the mechanical engineer,, 
designer, draftsman, shop superintendent, foreman and 
machinist. 

It is a modern treatise in five volumes. Handsomely bound 
in half morocco, each volume containing nearly 500' pages, 
with thousands of illustrations, including diagrammatic and 
sectional drawings with full explanatory details. 
Price, $30.00. For the complete set o£ five Tolumes. 

29 



THE WHOLE FIELD OF MECHANICAL 

MOVEMENTS COVERED BY MR. 

HISCOX'S TWO BOOKS 



We publish two books by Gardner D. Hiscox that will 
keep you from "inventing" things that have been done be- 
fore, and suggest ways of doing things that you have not 
thought of before. Many a man spends time and money, 
pondering over some mechanical problem, only to learn, after 
he has solved the problem, that the same thing has been 
accomplished and put in practice by others long before. Time 
and money spent in an effort to accomplish what has al- 
ready been accomplished are time and money lost. The 
whole field of mechanics, every known mechanical movement, 
and practically every device is covered by these two books. 
If the thing you want has been invented, it is illustrated in 
them. If it hasn't been invented, then you'll find in them 
the nearest things to what you want, some movement or 
device that will apply in your case, perhans; or which will 
give you a key from which to work. No book or set of 
books ever published is of more real value to the inventor, 
draftsman or practical mechanic than the two volumes de- 
scribed below. 

Mechanical Movements, Powers and Devices. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. This is a collection of 1,890 
engravings of different mechanical motions and appliances, 
accompanied by appropriate text, making it a book of great 
value to the inventor, the draftsman, and to all readers 
with mechanical tastes. The book is divided into eighteen 
sections or chapters, in which the subject-matter is classified 
under the following heads: Mechanical Powers; Transmis- 
sion of Power; Measurement of Power; Steam Power; Air 
Power Appliances; Electric Power and Construction; Navi- 
gation and Roads; Gearing; Motion and Devices; Control- 
ling Motion; Horological; Mining; Mill and Factory Appli- 
ances; Construction and Devices; Drafting Devices; Miscel- 
laneous Devices, etc. Fifteenth edition. 400 octavo pages. 

Price, $4.00 

Mechanical Appliances, Mechanical Movements 
and Novelties of Construction. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. _ This is a supplementary volume 
to the one upon mechanical movements. Unlike the first 
volume, which is more elementary in character, this volume 
contains illustrations and descriptions of many combina- 
tions of motiens and of mechanical devices and appliances 
found in different lines of machinery, each device being 
shown by a line drawing with a description showing its 
working parts and the method of operation. From the 
multitude of devices described and illustrated might be men- 
tioned, in passing, such items as conveyors and elevators, 
Prony brakes, thermometers, various types of boilers, solar 
engines, oil-fuel burners, condensers, evaporators, Corliss 
and other valve gears, governors, gas engines, water motors 
of various descriptions, air ships, _ motors and_ dynamos, 
automobiles and motor bicycles, railway lock signals, car 
couplers, link and gear motions, ball bearings, breech block 
mechanism for heavv guns, and a large accumulation of 
others of equal Importance. 1,000 specially made engravinKS. 
396 octavo pages. Fourth revised edition. Price, $4.00 
30 



"Shop Kinks." 

By Robert Grimshaw. This shows special methods of doing 
work of various kinds, and releasing cost of production. Has 
hints and kinks from some of Ihe, largest shops in this 
country and Europe. You are almost liiire to find some that 
apply to your work, and in such a way as to save time and 
trouble. 400 pages. Fifth edition. Cloth. Price, $3,00 



Machine Shop Tools and Shop Practice. 

By W. H. Vandervoort. A woik of 555 pages and 673 illus. 
trations, describing m every detail the construction, opera- 
tion, and manipulation of both hand and machine too'ls. 
Includes chapters on filing, fitting, and scraping surfaces; 
on drills, reamers, taps, and dies; the lathe and its tools; 
planers, shapers, and their tools; milling machines and cut- 
ters; gear cutters and gear cutting; drilling machines amd 
drill work; grinding machines and their work; hardening and 
tempering; gearing, belting, and transmission machinery; 
useful data' and tables. Sixth, edition. Cloth. Price, $4.50 

Model Making. 

By Raymond Francis Yates. A new book for the mechanic 
and model maker. This is the first book of its kind to be 
published in this country and all those interested in model 
engineering should have a copy. The first eight chapters are 
devoted to such subjects as Silver Soldering, Heat Treatment 
of Steel, Lathe Work, Pattern Making, Grinding, etc. The 
remaining twenty-four chapters describe the construction of 
various models such as rapid fire naval guns, speed boats, 
model steam engines, turbines, etc. 

This book must not be confused with those describing the 
construction of toys now on the market. It is a practical 
treatise on model engineering and construction. 400 pages. 
301 illustrations. Price, $3.00 



The Modern Machinist. 

By John T. Usher. This book might be called a compen- 
diurn of shop methods, showing a variety of special tools and 
appliances which will give new ideas to many mechanics from 
the superintendent down to the man at the bench. It will 
be found a valuable addition to any machinist's library and ' 
should be consulted whenever a new or difficult job is to 
be done, whether it is boring, milling, turning, or planing, 
as they are all treated in a practical manner. Fifth edition. 
320 pages, 250 illustrations. Cloth. Price, $2.50 



Threads and Thread Cutting. 

By CoLViN and Stabel. This clears up many of the mysteries 
of thread cutting, such as double and triple threads, internal 
threads, catching threads, use of hobs, etc. Contains a lot 
of useful hints and several tables. Third edition. 35 cents 

31 



Marine engineering 

JThe Naval Architect's and Shipbuilder's Pocket- 
book 

of Form.uls, Rules, and Tables and Marine Engineer's and 
Surveyor's Handy Book of Reference. By Clement Mack- 
how and Lloyd Woollard. The eleventh revised and en- 
larged edition of this most comprehensive work has just been 
issued. It is absolutely indispensable to all engaged in the 
Shipbuilding Industry, as it condenses into a compact form 
all data and formula; that are ordinarily required. The book 
is completely up to date, including among other subjects a 
section on Aeronautics. 750 pages, limp leather binding. 

Price, $6.0» met 

Marine Engines and Boilers, Their Design and 
Construction. The Standard Book. 

By Dr. G. Bauer, Leslie S. Robertson and S. Bryan Don- 
kin.^ In the words of Dr. Bauer, the present work owes its 
origin to an oft felt want of a condensed treatise embodying 
the theoretical and practical rules used in designing marine 
engines and boilers. The need of such a work has been 
felt by most engineers engaged in the construction and work- 
ing of marine engines, not only by the younger men, but also 
by those of greater experience. The fact that the original 
German work was written by the chief engineer of the 
famous Vulcan Works, Stettin, is in itself a guarantee that 
this book is in all respects thoroughly up-to-date, and that 
it embodies all the information which is necessary for the 
design and construction of the highest types of marine en- 
gines and boilers. It may be said that the motive power 
■which Dr. Bauer has placed in the fast German liners that 
lave been turned out of late years from the Stettin Works 
represent the very best practice in marine engineering of 
the present day. The work is clearly written, thoroughly 
systematic, theoretically sound; while the character of the 
plans, drawings, tables, and statistics is without reproach. 
The illustrations are careful reproductions from actual work- 
ing drawings, with some well-executed photographic views of 
completed engines and boilers. 744 pages, 550 illustrations, 
and numerous tables. Cloth. Price, $10.00 net 

MANUAL TRAINING 



Economics of Manual Training. 

By Louis RouiLLioN. The only book that gives just the in- 
formation needed by all interested in manual training, re- 
garding buildings, equipment and supplies. Shows exactly 
what is needed for all grades of the work from the Kinder- 
garten to the High and Normal School. Gives itemized lists 
of everything needed and tells j'ust what it ought to cost. 
Also shows where to buy supplies. Illustrated. Second 
edition. Cloth, Price, $2.00 

Si 



MINING 



Prospector's Field-Book and Guide, 

By H. S. OsEORN. 1920 edition, revised and enlarged by 
M. W. von Bernewitz. The last edition of this volume was 
published in 1910. It and the previous seven editions were 
suitable for those times. The new ninth (1920) edition will 
be found suitable for the present time. While the old-time 
prospector will always be an important factor, the knowledge 
of and search for the common and rarer minerals is bringing 
out men who are trained to some degree. In the field they 
need a handy and suggestive pocket-book containing hints on 
prospecting — where to search and how to test — couched in 
simple terms. The chapter on preliminary instructions covers 
the fundamentals ,of a study of the earth's crust. Then fol- 
low discussions on practical mineralogy, crystallography, the 
value of the blowpipe in prospecting, surveying, and chemical 
tests in the field. Separate chapters are given to the precious 
and base metals, also to the non-metallic minerals. The 
chapter on the non-ferrous or alloy group of minerals is en- 
tirely new, while the section on oil has been expanded. Sur- 
ficial indications for copper receive full attention. The 
chapter on gems has been rewritten and matters concerning 
gemstones used for industrial purposes, such as abrasives, 
included. A general chapter covers many useful minerals 
and salts. An important guide and suggestive aid throughout 
the new book are the many brief descriptions of ore deposits 
of all minerals occurring in scattered parts of the world. 
No other prospector's book contains this class of information. 
In the appendix will be found numbers of useful tables, and 
a complete glossary of mining and mineralogical terms. The 
ninth edition of Osborn's "Prospector's Field Book and 
Guide" will be found up to date, worth while, and full value 
for the money asked. Flexible fabrikoid. 375 pages. 57 
illustrations. 1920 edition. Price, $3.00 



PATTERN MAKING 



Practical Pattern Making. 

By F. W. Barrows. This book, now in its second edition, 
is a comprehensive and entirely practical treatise on the 
subject of pattern making, illustrating pattern work In both 
wood and metal, and with definite instructions on the use 
of plaster of paris in the trade. It gives specific and detailed 
descriptions of the materials used by pattern makers and 
describes the tools; both those for the bench and the more 
interesting machine tools; having complete chapters on the 
lathe, the circular saw and the band saw. It gives many 
examples of pattern work, each one fully illustrated and 
explained with much detail. These examples, in thei-r great 
variety, offer much that will be found of interest to all 
pattern makers, and especially to the younger ones, who are 
seeking information on the more advanced branches of their 
trade. Containing nearly 350 pages and 170 illustrations. 
Second edition, revised and enlarged. Price, $2.50 

33 



PERFUMERY 



Henley's Twentieth Century Book of Receipts, 
Formulas and Processes. 

Edited by G. D. Hiscox. The most valuable techno-chemical 
receipt book published. Contains over 10,000 practical re- 
ceipts, many of which will prove of special value to the 
perfumer. Price, $1.00 

Perfumes and Cosmetics, Their Preparation and 
Manufacture. 

By G.^ W. AsKiNSON, Perfumer. A comprehensive treatise, 
in which there has been nothing omitted that could be of 
value to the perfumer or manufacturer of toilet preparations. 
Complete directions for making handkerchief perfumes, 
smelling-salts, sachets, fumigating pastiles; preparations for 
the care of the skin, the mouth, the hair, cosmetics, hair 
dyes and other toilet articles are given, also a detailed 
description of aromatic substances; their nature, tests of 
purity, and wholesale manufacture, including a chapter on 
synthetic products, with formulas, for their use. A book of 
general, as well as professional interest, meeting the wants 
not only of the druggist and perfume manufacturer, but also 
of the general public. Fourth edition much enlarged and 
brought up-to-date. Nearly 400 pages, illustrated, $&.00 



PLUMBING 



Standard Practical Plumbing, 

By R. M. Starbuck. This is a complete treatise and covers 
the subject of modern plumbing in all its branches. It 
treats exhaustively on the skilled work of the plumber and 
the theory underlying plumbing devices and operations, and 
commends itself at once to anyone working in any branch 
of the plumbing trade. A large amount of space is devoted 
to a very complete and practical treatment of the subjects of 
hot water supply, circulation and range boiler work. Another 
•valuable feature is the special chapter on drawing for 
plumbers. The illustrations, of which there are three hun- 
ored and forty-seven, one hundred being full-page plates, 
were drawn expressly for this_ book and show the most 
modern and best American practice in plumbing construction. 
6j4x9J4. Cloth, 406 pages, 347 illustrations. Price, $3.50 

Mechanical Drawing for Plumbers. 

By R. M. Starbuck. A concise, comprehensive^ and practical 
treatise on the subject of mechanical drawing in its various 
modern applications to the work of all who are in any way 
connected with the plumbing trade. Nothing will so help 
the plumber in estimating and in explaining work to cus- 
tomers and workmen as a knowledge of drawing, and to the 
workman it is of inestimable value if he is to rise above his 
position to positions of greater responsibility. 150 illus- 
trations. Price, $2.00 

34 



3Aodern Plumbing Illustrated. 

By R. M. Starbuck. The author of this book, Mr. R. M. 
Starbuck, is one of the leading authorities on plumbing in 
the United States. The book represents the highest standard 
of plumbing work. A very comprehensive work, illustrating 
and describing the drainage and ventilation of dwellings, 
apartments and public buildings. The very latest and most 
approved methods in all branches of sanitary installation are 
given. The standard book for master plumbers, architects, 
builders, plumbing inspectors, boards of health, boards of 
plumbing examiners and for the property owner, as well 
as the workman and apprentice. It contains fifty-seven en- 
tirely new and large full pages of illustrations with descrip- 
tive text, all of which have been made specially for this 
work. These plates show all kinds of modern plumbing work. 
Each plate is accompanied by several pages of text, giving 
notes and practical suggestions, sizes of pipe, proper measure- 
ments for setting up work, etc. Suggestions on estimating 
plumbing construction are also included. 407 octavo pages, 
fully illustrated by 57 full-page engravings. Price, $5.00 



RECIPE BOOK 



Henley's Twentieth Century Book of Recipes, 
Formulas and Processes. 

Edited by Gardner D. Hiscox. The most valuable techno- 
chemical formula book published, including over 10,000 se- 
lected scientific, chemical, technological and practical recipes 
and processes. This book of 800 pages is the most complete 
book of recipes ever published, 'giving thousands of recipes 
for the manufacture of valuable articles for everyday use. 
Hints, helps, practical ideas and secret processes are revealed 
■within its pages. It covers every branch of the useful arts 
and tells thousands of ways of making money and is just the 
book everyone should have at his command. The pages are 
filled with matters of intense interest and immeasurable prac- 
tical value to the photographer, the perfumer, tlie painter, 
the manufacturer of glues, pastes, cements and mucilages, 
the physician, the druggist, the electrician, the dentist, the 
engineer, the foundryman, the machinist, the potter, the 
tanner, the confectioner, the chiropodist, the manufacturer 
of chemical novelties and toilet preparations, the dyer, the 
electroplater, the enameler, the engraver, the provisioner, the 
glass worker, the goldbeater, the watchmaker and jeweler, 
the ink manufacturer, the optician, the farmer, the dairyman, 
the paper maker, the metal worker, the soap maker, the 
veterinary surgeon, and the technologist in general. A book 
to which you riiay turn with confidence that you will find 
■what you are looking for. A mine of information up-to-date 
in every respect. Contains an immense num.ber of formulas 
that every one ought to have that are not found in any other 
work. 1920 edition. Cloth binding. Price, $4.00 



35 



RUBBER 

Henley's Twentieth Century Book of Receipts, 
Formulas and Processes. 

Edited by Gardner D. Hiscox. Contains upward of 10,000 
practical receipts, including among them formulas on arti- 
ficial rubber. Price, $4.00 

Rubber Hand Stamps and the Manipulation of 
India Rubber. 

Bjf T. O'CoNOR Sloane. This book gives full details of all 
points, treating in a concise and simple manner the elements 
of nearly everything it is necessary to understand for 3 
commencement in any branch _ of the India rubber manu- 
facture. The making of all kinds of rubber hand stamps, 
small articles of India rubber, U. S. Government composi- 
tion, dating hand stamps, the manipulation of sheet rubber, 
toy balloons, India rubber solutions, cements, blackings, 
renovating varnish, and treatment for India rubber shoes, 
etc.; the hektograph stamp inks, and miscellaneous n'tes, 
with a short account of the discovery, collection and inanu- 
facture of India rubber are set forth in a manner designed 
to be readily understood, the explanation being plain and 
simple. Third edition. 175 pages, illustrated. Price, $1.25 

SAWS 



Saw Filing and Management of Saws. 

By Robert Grimshaw. A practical hand book on filing, 
gumming, swaging, hammering and the brazing of band saws, 
the spesd, work, and power to run circular saws, etc. A 
handy book for those who have charge of saws, or for those 
mechanics who do their own filing, as it deals with the proper 
shape and pitches of saw teeth of all kinds and gives many 
useful hints and rules for gumming, setting, and filing, and_ is 
a practical aid to those who use saws for any purpose. Third 
edition, revised and enlarged. Illustrated. . Price, $X.50 

SCREW CUTTING 



Threads and Thread Cutting. 

By CoLviN and Stable. This clears up many of the mysteries 
of thread cutting, such as double and triple threads, internal 
threads, catching threads, use of hobs, etc. Contains a lot of 
useful hints and several tables. Third edition. 35 ceots 

STEAM ENGINEERING 



Horse-power Chart. 

Shows the horse-power of any stationary engine without 
calculation. No matter what the cylinder diameter or stroke; 
the steam pressure or cut-off; the revolutions, or whether 
condensing or non-condensing, it's all there. Easy to use, 
accurate, and saves time and calculations. Especially useful 
to engineers and designers. Price, 50 ceota 

36 



Steam Engine Troubles. 

By H. Hamkens. It is safe tO' sajr that no book has ever 
been published which gives the practical engineer such valua- 
ble and comprehensive information on steam engine design 
and troubles. There are descriptions of cylinders, valves, 
pistons, frames, pillow blocks and other bearings, connect- 
ing rods, wristplates, dashpots, reachrods, valve gears, gov- 
ernors, piping, throttle and emergency valves, safety stops, 
flywheels, oilers, etc. If there is any trouble with these 
parts, the book gives you the reasons and tells how to remedy 
them. 350 pages, 276 illustrations. Price, $2.50 

American Stationary Engineering. 

By W. E. Crane. A new book by a well-known author. 
Begins at the boiler room and takes in the whole power plant. 
Contains the result of years of practical experience in all 
sorts of engine rooms and gives exact information that cannot 
be found elsewhere. It's plain enough for practical men and 
yet of value to those high in the profession. Has a complete 
examination for a license. Third edition revised and en- 
larged. 345 pages. 131 illustrations. Cloth. I'rice, $2.50 

Steam Engine Catechism. 

By Robert Grimshaw. This volume of 413 pages is not 
only a catechism on the question and answer principle, but 
it contains formulas and worked-out answers for all the steam 
problems that appertain to the oneration and management of 
the steam engine. Sixteenth edition. Price, $2.00 

Boiler Room Chart. 

By Geo. L. Fowler. _ A chart — size 14 x 28 inches — showing 
in isometric perspective the mechanism belonging in a modern 
boiler room. The various parts are shown broken or re- 
moved, so that the internal construction is fully illustrated. 
Each part is given a reference number, and these, with the 
corresponding name, are given in a glossary printed at the 
sides. Price, 25 cents 

Engine Runner's Catechism, 

By Robert Grimshaw. Tells how to erect,_ adjust and run 
the principal steam engines in use in the United States. _ The 
work is of a handy size for the pocket. To young engineers 
this catechism will be of great value, especially to those who 
may be preparing to go forward to be examined for certifi- 
cates of competency! and to engineers generally it will be 
of no little service, as they will find in this volume more 
really practical and useful information than is to be found 
anywhere else within a like compass. 387 pages. Seventh 
edition. Price, $2.00 

Modern Steam Engineering in Theory and Prac- 
tice. 

By Gardner D. Hiscox. This is a complete and practical 
■work issued for stationary engineers and firemen dealing 
with the care and management of boilers, engines, pumps, 
superheated steam, refrigerating machinery, dynamos, motors, 
elevators, air compressors, and all other branches with which 
the modern engineer must be familiar. Nearly 200 questions 
■with their answers on steam and electrical engineering, likely 
to be asked by the examining board, are included. Third 
edition. 487 pages, 405 engravings. Cloth. Price, $3.50 

37 



Steam Engineer's Arithmetic. 

By Colvin-Cheney. A practical pocket Ijook for the steam 
engineer. Shows how to work the problems of the engine 
room and shows "why." Tells how to figure horse-power 
of engines and boilers; area of boilers; has tables of areas and 
circumferences; steam tables; has a dictionary of engineering 
terms. Puts you onto all of the little kinks in figuring what- 
ever there is to figure around a power plant. Tells you about 
the heat unit; absolute zero; adiabatic expansion; duty of 
engines; factor of safety; and 1,001 other things; and every- 
thing is plain and simple — not the hardest way to figure, 
but the easiest. Second edition. Price, 75 cents 

STEAM HEATING and VENTILATING 



Practical Steam, Hot-Water Heating and Ven- 
tilation. 

By A. G. KiNG._ This book has been prepared for the use 
of all engaged in the; business of steam, hot-water heating 
and ventilation. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to 
install heating and ventilating apparatus, the best business 
methods to be used, with "Tricks of th^ Trade" for shop 
■use. Rules and data for estimating radiation and cost and 
such tables and information as make it an indispensable 
work for everyone interested in steam, hot-water heating and 
ventilation. It describes all the principal systems of steam, 
hot-water, vacuum, vapor and vacuum-vapor heating, together 
with the new accelerated systems of hot-water circulation, 
including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation and 
the fan or blower system of heating and ventilation. Second 
edition. 367 pages, 300 detailed engravings. Cloth. $3.50 

500 Plain Answers to Direct Questions on Steam, 
Hot-Water, Vapor and Vacuum Heating Prac- 
tice. 

By Alfred G. King. This work, just off the press, is ar- 
ranged in question and answer form; it is intended as a 
guide and text-book for the younger inexperienced fitter 
and as a reference book for all fitters. All long and tedious 
discussions and descriptions formerly considered so important 
have been eliminated, and the theory and laws of heat and 
the various old and^ modern methods and appliances used 
for heating and ventilating are treated in a concise manner. 
This is the standard .Question and Answer examination book 
on Steam and Hot Water Heating, etc. 200 pages, 127 illus- 
trations. Octavo. Cloth. Price, $2.00 



STEEL 



Hardening, Tempering, Annealing and Forging 
of Steel. 

By J. V. WoODWORTH. A book containing special directions 
for the successful hardening and tempering of all steel tools. 
Milling cutters, taps, thread dies, reamers, both solid and 
shell, hollow mills, punches and dies, and all kinds of sheet- 

38 



metal working tools, shear blades, saws, fine cutlery and 
metal-cutting tools of all descriptions, as well as for all 
implements of steel, both large and small, the simplest, and 
most satisfactory hardening and tempering processes are 
presented. 320 pages, 250 illustrations. Fourth edition. 
Cloth. Price, $3.00 

Steel: Its Selection, Annealing, Hardening and 
Tempering. 

By E. R. Markham. This work was formerly known as 
"The American Steel Worker," but on the publication of the 
new, revised edition, the publishers deemed it advisable to 
change its title to a more suitable one. This is the standard 
work on hardening, tempering, and annealing steel of all 
kinds. This book tells how to select, and how to work, 
temper, harden, and anneal steel for everything on earth. 
It is the standard book on selecting, hardening, and tem- 
pering all grades of steel. 400 pages. Very fully illustrated. 
Fourth edition. Price, $3.00 

TRACTORS 



The Modern Gas Tractor. 

By Victor W. Page. A complete treatise describing all 
types and sizes of gasoline, kerosene, and oil tractors. Con- 
siders design and construction exhaustively, gives complete 
instruction for care, operation ard repair, outlines all prac- 
tical applications on the road and in the field. The best 
and latest work on farm tractors and tractor power plants. 
A work needed by farmers, students, blacksmiths, mechanics, 
salesmen, implement dealers, designers, and engineers. Second 
edition revised and much enlarged. 504 pages. Nearly 300 
illustrations and folding plates. Price, $3.00 



TURBINES 



Marine Steam Turbines. 

By Dr. G. Bauer and O. Lasche. Assisted by E. Ludwig 
and H. Vogel. Translated from_ the German and edited 
by M. G. S. Swallow. The book is essentially practical and 
discusses turbines in which the full expansion of steam 
passes through a number of separate turbines arranged for 
driving two or more shafts, as in the Parsons system, and 
turbines in which the complete expansion of steam from inlet 
to exhaust pressure occurs in a turbine on one shaft, as in 
the case of the Curtis machines. It will enable a designer 
to carry out all the ordinary calculation necessary for the 
construction of steam turbines, hence it fills a want which 
is hardly met by larger and more theoretical works. Numer- 
ous tables, curves and diagrams will be found, which explaia 
with remarkable lucidity the reason why turbine blades are 
designed as they are, the course which steam takes through 
turbines of various types, the thermodynamics of steam tur- 
bine calculation, the influence of vacuum on steam consump- 
tion of steam turftnes, etc. In a word, the very information, 
which a designer and builder of steam turbines most requires. 
Large octavo, 214 pages. Fully illustrated and containing 
18 tables, including an entropy chart. Price, $4.00 net 

39 



The Most Valuable Techno-Chemical Recipe 
Book Ever Offered to the Public! 

Henley's Twentieth Century Book of 

RECIPES, FORMUUS 
AND PROCESSES 



'rice 



$4.00 



This book of 800 pages is the most complete Book of Recipes 
ever published, giving thousands of recipes for the manu- 
facture of valuable articles for every-day use. Hints, Helps, 
Practical Ideas and Secret 
Processes are revealed within 
its pages. It covers every 
branch of the useful arts and 
tells thousands of ways of mak- 
ing money and is just the book 
everyone should have at his 
command. 

The pages are filled with 
matters of intense interest and 
immeasurable practical value to 
the Photographer, the Perfumer, 
the Painter, the Manufacturer 
of Glues, Pastes, Cements and 
Mucilages, the Physician, the 
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Dentist, t h'e Engineer, the 
Foundryman, the Machinist, the 
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fectioner, the Chiropodist, the 
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elties and Toilet Preparations, 
the Dyer, the Electroplater, the 
Enameler, the Engraver, the Provisioner, the Glass Worker, 
the Goldbeater, the Watchmaker and Jeweler, the Ink Manu- 
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_A book to which you may turn with confidence that you 
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up-to-date in every respect. Contains an immense number 
of formulas that every one ought to have that are not found 
in any other work. 

I A AAA Practical Formulas and Processes 

iUyUuU The Best Way to Make Everything 

ONE USEFUL RECIPE WILL BE WORTH MORE 
THAN TEN TIMES THE PRICE OF THE BOOK 

(See page 35 for further description of the book.) 
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